Metal Gear Solid HD Collection review

 It all started in the year 1998: a new world opened up for many gamers, because Metal Gear Solid came to the PlayStation. About ten years before the first volume of the series on the MSX2 and that game was an immediate success. Over the years the series has become one of Sony's best first-party franchises and in 2012 we again take a look back in time. Konami brings Metal Gear Solid: HD Collection, and in this review you can read what we think of it.


We now know that HD collections are very popular, almost every car gets nowadays. For years whining remakes of Metal Gear fans to their games favoiete and after two years of the lips tightly held to have arrived about six months ago, Konami finally with the joyful announcement of Metal Gear Solid HD Collection. This HD collection contains no less than five titles. These are: MSX2 titles Metal Gear and Metal Gear 2, the top PlayStation 2 Metal Gear Solid 2 and Metal Gear Solid 3 and the PSP gem Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker.

Only the last three are in a new sleek look. Metal Gear 1 and 2 are just the games as we saw 20 years ago and actually meant it as an extra. Of course, the stories are exactly the same as the original version, so we do not go deep into this review. We did some good improvements found in the games. Let's start with Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty under the microscope.


"The Hudson River, two years ago." The phrase we hear when we start the game for us Metal Gear fans have reason enough to put a big smile. An epic adventure is repeated for the umpteenth time, but now entirely in HD and widescreen. The first Metal Gear adventure on the PlayStation 2 and appeared for the first time where we could play Raiden. Many fans did not like to play with these wannabe ninja, so popular was the game not real. However, the story of the game is very cool, allowing the game still well appreciated by the buyers.

Many innovations we could not find in this game, at least no innovations that really something to do. The game looks really great in HD though, and in that sense, the game really enjoyable to play. We see the new format just a little more on the sides of the screen and aim is a tad easier. Konami has also stopped the VR Missions there, what the playing quite what thickens. If you finish the main story is very nice to get some play and especially the humor inside. Do not get us wrong, it is an epic game and we want to just keep playing every year. The sequel, Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, does however provide some great improvements.


We go 40 years back in time and find ourselves high above the clouds. The colonel tells us what to do and here we go. We jump off the plane with a Halo jump and our mission begins. While the colonel gives us the latest information and John codenamed "Snake", it can really start our mission. How this proceeds further, we know probably does. Also this game has gotten a new format which allows us to see, but that is not the only special thing about the game. Snake Eater contains in addition to the standard version of the game, the Subsistance version. This is a simple press of the R3 button to switch.

This way of playing gives you like in MGS4 completely the possibility to control the camera itself. This ensures that the game is not only easier, but also a lot cooler to play. We see a lot more of the environment in this way. Because the original Subsistence limited edition was issued, it will for many people the first chance to Metal Gear Solid 3 in this way to play. Also it felt much better to aim for here. The game is of course entirely in HD, so we could better see where exactly we go our narcotic pellet shots. Graphically the game is really more beautiful and the weather was a wonderful experience to play.


Now that we have dealt with PlayStation 2 titles, We still need a title and that is the PlayStation Portable game that 2 years ago. We are clearly talking about Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, perhaps the game where you have this collection for the house to fetch. Some fans label this game called Metal Gear Solid 5 because of the wonderful story. Of course, not everyone is nice to play games on the PSP, so this is your chance for the title on the big screen experience. The game plays surprisingly well off with the PlayStation 3 controller and graphically the game looks really good on the PlayStation 3.

It is still an art to a PSP title to porting to the PlayStation 3, something that until now only been done three times: with the 2nd God of War Collection, this time with Peace Walker. it continues to surprise us again and again how these games so naturlijk to feel on the PlayStation 3, since the controls quite reasonably many differences. And to say nothing about the graphic quality. From a small mini-window to a 102cm television is quite a big difference and it looks amazingly good. It's not amazingly beautiful course, but it is certainly worthy of PS3. This was also the first Metal Gear that you could play with 3 friends, a feature included in the PS3 version is.


You read it all: we are very positive about these HD Collection. The games are of course great to play, but the HD graphics really make some difference. Also we could finally get started with the Subsistance version of Snake Eater, which the player experience the game still made a lot fatter. The two MSX2 titles are also a nice extra. For a price tag of € 40, - is it worth to this issue in our homes, even if you've played all the games. Is that not the case, then this is your chance.

Pros

- Gameplay.
- Graphic beautiful.
- Metal Gear 1 and 2.

Cons

Minor flaws.

Graphics 8.5/10
sound 8.0/10
Gameplay 9.7/10

Pathophysogy week 2b

Not Me!

All cells have a outer plasma membrane that separate the cell's contents from the extracellular fluid. It provides a physical barrier that separates the inside of the cell from its surrounding environment. It regulates with the environment such as nutrients, waste, and release of secretions. It contains a variety of receptors that helps the cell recognize specific molecules. It provides the cell a stable structure. Cytoplasm consists of material inside the cell from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Cytoplasm contains all the ingredients for cellular metabolism such as proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and many more depending on the cell's function. The nucleus contains the DNA and enzymes essential for controlling cellular activities. Differentiation is a specialized process that occurs as an embryo. Each cell has all its genetic information intact; however, as the embryo grows, the body dictates what cells need to be produced such as neurons, muscle cells; every cell has their own specialized function and are organized in collections called tissues. Every cell has its own cell cycle and production (mitosis) and the DNA has control over growth and production. If the DNA is altered in the parent cell, the daughter cells contain the same altered cells. All cells need an adequate blood supply, oxygen and nutrition in order to prosper. Hormones stimulates cell growth and reproduction or it may be inhibited by nearby cells. Altered DNA can either mutate in other structures and functions, or cause the cell to die. (Gould, B. E.., pg 96-97, 2011)
The difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is its growth patterns. Unlike a normal cell, when its time is up, it dies. Cancer cells continue to grow and prosper into mutated cells. Cancer cells can also invade other cells which normal cells cannot. Some cancer cells become neoplasm (tumor). Benign tumors consist of differentiated cells, mitosis is fairly normal, growth is slow, can expand in a mass, most times it is encapsulated and it usually remains localized. Malignant tumors vary in size and are undifferentiated, has an increased mitosis and atypical, has a rapid growth, capable of infiltrating tissues, has no capsule, capable of metastasizing, and become life threating. (Gould, B. E.. , pg 97- 98, 2011)(BreastCancerOverview, pdf, 2011)
Mary is a 35 y.o. Female, 5 foot 3 inches tall, 110 pounds, who has been on oral birth control pills for 5 years, She does regular breast self exams. Her aunt on her mother's side is the only other family member known to have breast cancer. Mary found a lump in her right breast while doing a self exam. She immediately made an appointment with her physician. Other the next few days, she had a physical examination and a mammogram. The mammogram showed a growth and a biopsy was recommended. The biopsy showed cancer and surgery was scheduled.
In Mary's situation, two obvious risk factors were noted, in family history on her mother's side, her aunt had breast cancer. Secondly, Mary was on birth control pills for 5 years and according to the cancer society, 3+ more years on birth control pills can increases the cancer risk for those women; however, if a women stopped taking birth control pills and it has been over 10 years since taking the birth cintrol pills, the risk goes down. Other statistics that were not enclosed in the story are the following: Women who have early menstrual periods before age 12 and went through menopause after 55 have a slight increase of breast cancer due to longer exposure to hormones estrogen and progesterone. The same could be said for women who do not breast feed vs. breast feed their children, there is a decrease risk due to decrease hormonal effects from cessation of the menstrual cycle while breast feeding . Lack of exercise can increase the risk of breast cancer because exercise lowers the hormonal levels, alters metabolism and boosts the immune system. Lastly, woman with dense breast tissue contains more gland tissue and less fatty tissue causing potential problems in mammogram interpretations . (Cancer.org, 2012)



During surgery, a few surrounding lymph nodes were sent to the lab and since some showed cancer cells, a mastectomy was done. Per Mary's wishes, a mastectomy was done on the healthy left breast. After surgery, the breast tissues of both breasts was examined. The lab test found the following: on her right breast, invasive ductal carcinoma; stage 2; Estrogen receptor positive. On her left breast; ductal carcinoma in situ; also ER positive.
Mary's left breast did not show any lumps in her mammogram or on her physical, she still requested if a mastectomy was done on a right, that it would be also be done on her left. Like Mary, other women also choose to have a bilateral (both) mastectomy, especially if one breast contains cancer and the other is healthy in order to decrease their risk for future cancer in the unaffected side. (Cancer.org, 2012)
Per cancer society, the term 'in situ' is used in “early stages of cancer, when it is still confined to the layer of cells where it began”. This preinvasive stage cancer may be present for months or years.
In Mary's case, she elected to have both (bilateral) mastectomy for preventive care. Even with women who option for the bilateral mastectomy, some breast tissue still remains and the risk is greatly decreased; however, cancer can regenerate in the breast tissue that remains. Mary had a biopsy prior to her surgery, I am sure the method of treatment was discussed thoroughly between her and her doctor prior to surgery due to the results of the biopsy. From the biopsy lab test, breast cancer grade are given from one to three. Lower number means slowing growing cancer, and higher number means faster growing cancer. This is also used as a prognosis. Staging of cancer indicates how wide spread the cancer is by the time it is found. It portrays if the cancer is invasive or non-invasive, it also indicates the size of the tumor and if lymph nodes are involved and whether it has metastasize. (Gould, B. E.., pg 99, 2011) (Cancer.org, 2012) (Medicineworld.net, 2012)
Post-op lab results showed that Mary had stage II, invasive ductal (cells lining the milk ducts ) carcinoma with estrogen receptor (ER) positive. This type of cancer had spread out side the duct into the surrounding tissue with no lobe invasion. In order to grow, this type of cancer depends on the hormone estrogen. The lab result on her left breast showed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with positive ER. This type of cancer is a noninvasive cancer, but if not removed, it could develop into an invasive cancer. It also means that this cancer was only found in the breast ducts and has not spread past the layer of tissue where they began. This type of cancer also relies on the hormone estrogen in order to grow. According to Mary's post-op lab results her left breast cancer would be a stage 0. (Cancer.org, 2012) (Medicineworld.net, 2012)
For Mary, treatment was tailored to her individual cancer. Bilateral mastectomy was performed to removed the cancer that is visible. The next step taken was to lower the risk of recurrence and get rid of any remaining unseen cancer cells that have been left behind (adjuvant therapy). Radiation and hormonal therapy where chosen for her treatment. Radiation therapy is the use of high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. A radiation regimen consist of a specific number of treatment over a set period of time. Mary was also prescribed tamoxifen for her hormonal therapy. Her type of cancer fuels its growth by the estrogen hormone. Tamoxifen is a drug that blocks estrogen from binding to the cancer cell. It is effective in lowering the risk of recurrence to the breast that had cancer and risk of future recurrence. Tamoxifen can be classified as an antiestrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulators. (Gould, B. E.., pp. 99, 107-110, 11, 2011) (nih.gov, 2012) (medcinenet, 2012)


References

Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 5
(pp. 101-102), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.
Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 5
(pp. 96-97), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.
Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 5
(pp. 99), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.
Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 5
(pp. 107-108), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.

Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 5
(pp. 111), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.

Anonymous. (2011). Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Retrieved January 15, 2011, from Cancer.org website
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-risk-factors
Anonymous. (2011). Tamoxifen
Retrieved January 15, 2011, from NIH website
http://nlm.nih.gov/medicineplus/druginfo/meds/a682414
Anonymous. (2011). Tamoxifen
Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Medcinenet.com website
Http://medcinenet.com/tamoxifen/article.htm
Anonymous. (2011). Breast cancer treatment by stage
Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Medcineworld.org website
medicineworld.org/cancer/breast/treatment/rxbystage.html

King of Fighters XIII review

 Whoever thought that the King of Fighters franchise would cease to Part XII, was rightly afraid of the future. The game suffered from several flaws, both on and offline. You can not make in a year when the competition sucesevolle games like Street Fighter IV and Tekken 6 came up. Of course, this same game a lot of disappointed fans, and this stimulated SNK Playmore to try again. Does it succeed in the thirteenth section our interest, and therefore our confidence, to win back?


With releases such as Mortal Kombat and Marvel vs.. Capcom 3 is once again set the bar very high in the fighting genre, but whether you are familiar with the franchise or not, you will immediately see why this franchise ever had so great. Meanwhile, King of Fighters XIII knows himself to be distinguished from the other big names, but it also borrows a lot of different rivals. So you are fighting in groups of three, as in MVC 3, but it is not possible during a battle to switch between characters you selected. Plus, you not only official King of Fighters characters at your disposal, but you will also fighters from other SNK games again. This provides a lot of variation in terms of playable characters, which even in some modes you can combine your ultimate fighting team.

The playable modes are greatly expanded when comparing them to XII. For example, a story mode and added a Mission mode. The latter is mainly for newcomers to the franchise is very convenient because it allows you to master difficult combos to get. For this I am extremely grateful to them so, because with random button bashing will not do. During Story Mode, the merciless fighters and especially the boss fights you will float like mad you have no idea what you're doing. The boss fights in the game based on luck a little, because they have unique moves that you stun them, so they have a free hand a few seconds.


The story mode is also intended to inform the players about the story behind the King of Fighters tournament. Here are some of the main characters of the word, the brief and explain their views to the opponents. Here and there comes a cut-scene look at, but most consist of text reading and X button. A little trash talk before a fight should be, of course, but here I'd rather have a good voice actor for display. It is a pity that is thrown with terms and names that refer to the storyline that began with Ash Crimson in 2003. This put so much back story with him that eventually it very difficult to follow.

In addition, they thought they SNK, if they so much need to refine, but better to change everything at once. The total combat mechanics are in fact adjusted to provide you with a little exercise as the most deadly moves out of the cupboard. With a little practice I mean lots of practice, because even the simplest moves consist of combinations of 8 or more buttons. Guard, Clash and Critical counters are removed and this will EX Special Moves Hyper Drive mode and super-powered NEO MAX moves in the place This emphasis on "the bigger the attack the better 'and although you would not expect to see that is in tip-top order out.


Although the power of King of Fighters XIII certainly in the big, exuberant, almost too good to block attacks is, they are pretty tough in terms of implementation. The KOF veterans will one after another NEO MAX move shake out their sleeves, but there was no question of my case. These moves are only possible because if you attack meter is full. It decreases gradually filled after successful attacks you, but also those of your opponent. So sometimes you can win by yourself on the brink of death to save a NEO MAX move, if you have mastered it well. But frankly, even the tutorial for this already difficult and this makes the game way for go-getters, but definitely not up to speed. These will soon ignore the game.

Even if you look at the animations of the characters are with us, you will have jumps at the slightest notice that here a lot of work into it. Apart from the somewhat grainy display, there is tremendous attention to detail was great and all animations run smoothly. Moreover done secretly in the background much more than you notice when you're in the heat of battle is, but luckily it's not all just annoying. Furthermore, you also have the option to adjust your character. If you're tired of the old look, you'll just pass it? Win-win situation!


All in all, King of Fighters XIII is a great improvement on its predecessor, though it might be a greater challenge was to create a game just worse than King of Fighters XII. Goal, SNK is back at its old level. Each point of criticism is understood and where possible incorporated into the next installment. This is a much more extensive than the previous section, although the elaboration of some modes in some areas some may be strengthened - including the story in the story mode. If you do, do it well! Essentially it is a good start, but in future we prefer only successful submissions without half measures.

Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

 

Uncharted: Drake's Fortune was the beginning of a new era for Naughty Dog. No more imaginary beings who were able to make unsafe platform genre, but a serious adult serious game. So something completely different. This outstanding franchise started well and Uncharted 2: Among Thieves was still a nice over all fronts by significantly better. Now two years later, the time has come that we have 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception on the go.


Naughty Dog is a relatively small developer in two years time incredibly good games out of her sleeve manages to conjure. This was again proved with Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, which feature a completely new multiplayer mode was introduced. The bar that Uncharted 2: Among Thieves managed to record high was so bizarre and so the main question or 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception it manages to surpass. After playing this sublime adventure you that now we can answer that: yes, unanimous yes! 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception surpasses Uncharted 2: Among Thieves various fields.

In Uncharted: Drake's Fortune Naughty Dog did a very realistic water should be presented to the players. In Uncharted 2: Among Thieves was snow and in this third part is coming forward and one other element that is sand. You'll Nathan a lot in sandy areas around have are enjoying, looking for a lost city, also called the Atlantis of the desert. Before the time comes, however, make sure the whole world in search of clues.


Beginning of 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception is totally different from the first two parts. You walk quietly back to Sully in London, heading for a deal. Nathan has been the ring of Sir Francis Drake hung around his neck, and this ring appears to be an important part in solving puzzles. Drake ends up in a typical English pub where the ring verpatsen ... but is this his real intention? You'll find yourself quickly enough. In any case, you end up one minute or two later, directly in combat.

Fighting has been substantial change and we will tell you more later, because there is much more to say about the various locations you'll inflict this time. So you're the first hour working in London and then on a totally different place to land, the relationship between Drake and Sully what is deepening. You learn how the two met and how it has evolved somewhat over the years. It was also here in the newsroom as a total surprise and a fresh twist for the franchise.


Well, when we were behind, began the real adventure and you will include France and the Middle Oosen chain. As befits a true treasure hunter do many different locations and that not only provides a nice variation, it also does every time your mouth fall open in astonishment. The different locations are all very much love put together and just as in the previous section, you will regularly pause to allow the beautiful surroundings. The Chateau level is an example of the visual highlights and we can not but mention the last part of the game and of course the desert through which you draw.

Naughty Dog do it again to get a visual here just a little better performance than in the previous section. Now you should not expect graphical progress, as the first to the second part of the case, but that one step further, it is clear. You see also back in the cut scenes. These look phenomenal and there is perhaps still the most progress. The sand, where you'll see a lot in this game has never been portrayed realistically.


Uncharted 2: Among Thieves has long been considered one of the best PlayStation 3 games and this stick neemtUncharted 3: Drake's Deception now. This is not only the graphic variety and unparalleled attention to detail, but also by the sublime animations of Nathan and the other characters who have a role in this game. A game like this is filled with various graphic debauchery - some animations are concerned - and it is rare that we have an extensive game practically no technical glitches encountered. Clearly an unprecedented achievement that Naughty Dog is able to put down here.

The moments where the animation is best justice to both while climbing and scrambling, as in the fighting. Now climb about the need no introduction, because it is perfected and feel great about. The combat system is the kick went, because the fighting is now supported by a sort of loose, short quick time events. This is very smooth and you can now use the environment here. You see a cabinet, then grab the enemy and ram you knock him out with his head on the edge of the box. Is there a pot nearby, then of course your hard smack on his head.


Now you throughout the game regularly end up in combat with various enemies. Mainly they are simply your guests with some bullets kills. Occasionally you get some stronger characters to those which require more tactics and that's further than that. In this respect there is little new under the sun, but what is new is that your big enemy this time is the charismatic Catherine Marlowe, who gets help from a guy in tight suits and this guy has a rather creepy look. This is so different compared to the previous two sections, where the great enemies actually some typical bad-guys were without meaningful input.

At its core, 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception is more of the same. The gameplay has three main variations. That's fighting, climbing and puzzling. The mix of these three elements is again so well together that it fits perfectly into the story again and again and you will enjoy the variety that this game dishes out. The puzzles are totally different from that of the previous parts and know that you also will find the necessary entertainment. Naughty Dog has at least a couple of puzzles technical geniuses, because it is a great issue to resolve them.


We could go on and on about what all was not good to 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception, but the short summary is simple: everything! The game has great gameplay, it plays so incredibly good that it almost impossible to further improve. The variety is perfect and visually it's sublime. Not just the environment but also some details concerning levels and moving to a completely new concept became after knocking out this adventure. Then we must also not forget the audio. The wonderful soundtrack is another great place and the voice acting is again top notch.

Naughty Dog with Uncharted delivers 3: Drake's Deception a true masterpiece, which we hereby appoint the best part of the franchise. The single player takes an hour or eight, but then start again, because it is an overwhelming experience that you will not soon forget. Rarely have so we really enjoyed a game and there's plenty to do besides the single player. Indeed, there are several multiplayer options that make the game a long time and will keep alive among these features is a cooperative mode, which has its own story.


In total you can play co-op in two ways. Thus, the co-op mode with well-known waves of enemies present, where you have to survive for so long and you can also play through a story co-op. This story is paper thin, not very special. Well it's nice to characters and locations from previous titles coming to pass. It therefore are completely separate from the single player, because chronologically correct the story of the co-op for a yard. Eddy Raja from the first part is indeed dead and Lazarovic too. Nevertheless, we enjoyed the five co-passed levels.

In this mode, you especially to co-firing, and every now and then you have some puzzles. Teamwork is of great importance. By enemies to shoot and you earn money that you can use to back yourself with new boosters, outfits and more. The five missions in co-op play through will cost you about three hours, which is a nice addition to the eight-hour single player. For a really large number of playing hours of course you must go to the online multiplayer.


This has the requisite number of (new) modes, which you fully compete with each other can go. If you are the multiplayer of Uncharted 2: Among Thieves have played, you should have no fundamental change taking place in the gameplay. Except that some new modes to be detected and that the multiplayer is still deeper than before. We must also not forget of course new maps. Naughty Dog did with Uncharted 2: Among Thieves prove perfectly capable of creating a strong multiplayer to deliver in 3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception is on sound this way continued.

3 Uncharted: Drake's Deception is a must have! Naughty Dog surpasses himself with a bizarre good game. The variation in the locations that you do and the visual highlight in the form of sand and moving levels is unprecedented. The animations are scary good, the cutscenes even better. The story is interesting and as Marlowe's great enemy. Furthermore, the audio in several areas and shows the brilliant co-op a nice addition. The multiplayer is as expected very strong, and thus we conclude our review with the following: one of the best games ever made!

Pros:

- Story.
- Gameplay.
- Audio.
- Graphics.
- Multiplayer features.
- Best in the franchise.

Cons

- zero

GoldenEye 007: Reloaded reivew

 oldenEye 007 in the year 2011 is still considered one of the best shooters ever. The game is now 14 years old and may be labeled as a Nintendo 64 classic. Last year Activision released the game again for the Nintendo Wii and now the PlayStation 3's turn. The game is just in the shops and appears between 3 and Battlefield Modern Warfare 3. A bold step in advance all or a hopeless mission?


The game is full of different options, but let's start with the single player. It tackles the single most important moments in the film and lets you replay it. This takes you from Russia to Barcelona, ​​Dubai and more. Following in the tradition of James Bond you with other items to complete your mission and where it goes wrong you will be with your pistol or machine gun have to fight the enemy. What makes this game interesting is the ability to both brute force to complete your order and with stealth.

You get the opportunities presented themselves with stealth and in some cases it may seem sensible at any time on a real shoot-out ahead. This will never be really difficult, because the game knows about the most miserable of all AI games released this year. To get the stealth options remain: are opportunities everywhere to get yourself moving unseen and if you unexpectedly encounter an enemy, then you can deal with both your hands or using your pistol with silencer.


It is true that once you are caught, you should disable all enemies. The enemies are invoked to strengthen. This is not difficult, as we said. This is partly because the game is incredibly linear. The explanation is that this is a remake of a shooter of 14 years old, but it makes the game is not difficult. You always know exactly where to go and the enemies are most often harass you in advance. It also ensures that you are in a relatively short time the whole game.

We started our adventure on the "normal" difficulty setting, but this is so incredibly simple that we highly recommend a higher level to start. We were running in no time going through each level and shot everything in our path into the next without really much opposition. If you do unfortunately die once, then you have another point of criticism against it. These are the loading times. It is quite artfully to a game that a small 4 gigabytes of hard drive asks, is visually moderate looks and gameplay which dated it to provide load times longer than those in Modern Warfare 3 or Battlefield 3 for one thing call.


Indeed, the gameplay is a bit outdated, because you never really special things to do and where it really counts is action. This in itself is fine, but it is pretty stupid if you just shoot around corners sees the bullet hole in the texture of the corner where you are sitting, which is apparently not good enough cut. Moreover, the bodies disappear in seconds and the animations are bad Fri. The game is clearly a port of the Nintendo Wii version and is in every way inferior to today's shooters.

Sin, absolute sin. This does not mean that the game is not fun. Despite the many shortcomings we have a good time with the single player. It is mainly a brain-less shooter, which to some extent remains faithful to the original. Besides a single player modes, we find two more back. Brand new is the MI6 Ops. This is a mode where your number of challenges on offer here and you earn stars. If you have enough stars, you unlock new challenges. These challenges range from as soon as possible, eliminating all the enemies to protect a computer.


Itself was a bit like the Spec-Ops mode of the last two parts Modern Warfare, because the idea is almost identical. A nice addition to the game for sure, but it feels nothing special. This is again due to the previously appointed shortcomings, which we also found it in single player. Maybe the multiplayer or a strong point of the game? The multiplayer GoldenEye was once the source of inspiration for other shooters, but in the year 2011, the concept is reversed. The multiplayer of that time can not maintain all the major players of elaborate multi-now, so the inspiration is there removed.

This results in a multiplayer modes and maps terms that nice varied. It's also fun to play this with friends, both offline and online, but it is good to describe here a word in place and that is traditional. Nowhere is the very special, but it is entertaining and that goes especially for split-screen option. The online multiplayer has to do with lying, miserable matchmaking and more awkward bumps, giving you easy access to a rude awakening coming. Perhaps this will be resolved soon through a patch, but really a good start is not.


GoldenEye 007: Reloaded is a game in each segment is fun to play. That comes first. You'll have fun with single player, the MI6 Ops and the multiplayer. Yet it is sin that is not what the game has received increased attention. Thus the visual only moderately, the AI ​​is oerstom, the load times are huge and the online multiplayer has to do with technical irritations. As an extra feature you can play games with the PlayStation Move and it works fine also. Nevertheless, we conclude that the game never throws high eyes and the magic surrounding the GoldenEye game hung with snow in this part as the sun disappears.

Pros

- Amusing.
- Split-screen multiplayer.
- PlayStation Move support.
- MI6 Ops is a nice addition.

Cons

- Visually very moderate.
- Pretty simple.
- Oerdomme Ai.
- Poor animations.
- Feels like a moderate port.
- Long load times.

Pathophysiology week 3b

Caution: Fragile!

When we are young and sprite, we believe we are invincible. When we become older, we are programmed to think young regardless of the physical wear and tear changes that occur, it just takes a little longer (life cycle). In the following scenario, Bill is enjoying his retiring life style in ways he enjoys; however back pain may involve some changes.
Bill is a 70 y.o. male who held a desk job until his retirement 5 years ago. Since then, he has spent most of his time working on his stamp collection. Bill has never been very active due to his asthma. He also is a picky eater and does not like dairy products. Bill and his wife do take a daily walk around the neighborhood. One day while on their walk, Bill begins to complain of back pain. The next day, the pain is worse and Bill's wife insists that he see the doctor.
Bill suffers from asthma. Asthma is an chronic allergic lung disorder that inflames, creates swelling and narrows the airways. Because the airways are already inflamed, certain factors promote episodes of breathing difficulties called asthmatic attacks. The factors that can trigger an asthmatic attack include allergens, environmental agents, exercise, or infection. When asthmatic attack occurs narrowing of the airway occurs the same way regardless of the stimuli factor as the following: The inflamed mucosa causes edema (swelling), broncho constriction of the smooth muscle occurs, and increase thick stick mucus. According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred medicines for long-term control for asthma. It helps reduced inflammation and helps prevents symptoms caused by asthma. Corticosteroid pills and liquids are only used short term in order to control severe cases of asthma. Prolong use of pill/liquid corticosteroid can raise the risk of cataracts and osteoporosis. (nih, 2012)
The doctor does an x-ray which shows a compression fracture in Bill's L1 vertebrae. As a follow-up, the doctor also orders a Bone Mineral Density Test. This test comes back with a T score of -2.8. The doctor prescribes a pain reliever for Bill's back pain and a course of treatment for the diagnosed disease.
Our skeletal system has many primary functions such as body's structural support, storage for calcium, contributes to blood cell production, protection of the soft tissues in the body, and gives our body leverage in order to assist our muscles in movement. When we are younger, our bones are in a frequent manufacturing mode throughout the year building bone mass ( bone density) by absorbing calcium and removing protein and mineral components. After 30s the body starts to reabsorb calcium faster than the bones can rebuild leading to a net loss in bone mass as we age. This net loss of bone mass (bone density) cause the bones to become more fragile and a candidate for fractures especially in the spine, hip and wrist.
Osteoporosis occurs when there is a marked loss of bone density and a increase in bone porosity. This condition is frequently seen the aging. There is usually no symptoms until the damage has already occurred such as back pain, loss of height and fractures of vertebrae, hips, wrist and other bones. Unlike hip fractures, fractures in the spine do not need an incident like a fall to occur. The spine may have become so weakened that it just starts to compress. There is many risk factors that can make a person prone to osteoporosis. Some of these factors are the following: You are an older person; You are a woman; Decrease estrogen levels especially after menopause; For men, low testosterone levels; Have a sedentary life style; Decreased intake of vitamin D, C, and calcium; Heredity; and Take corticosteroid drugs. (NIH.gov)
Men have more bone mass than women; whereas men in their 50s are loosing bone mass at a very slow rate compared to women after menopause. By the time men reach their mid sixties – 70, men and women lose bone density at the same rate. This is a possible reason why men are not diagnose with osteoporosis until a fracture actually happens because women are having bone density tests earlier in life. (about, 2012)

Diagnosis of osteoporosis can be done by simply having a bone mineral density test called DXA or DEXA ( Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) that measures bone loss. DXA is the standard for measuring bone mineral density. A Lateral Vertebral Assessment (LVA) is a low -dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures is also performed on the DXA, especially if a person has lost in height, or have an unexplained back pain, or if the DXA scan gives a borderline reading. Radiation from the DXA is lower than a chest x-ray. The DXA works by sending out a low-dose x-rays with two distinct energy peaks through the bones being examine. One peak is absorbed by soft tissue and other is absorbed by bone. The bone density measurement results is by subtracting the soft tissue amount from the total. The test results are in two forms. The 'T' score is the amount of a person's bone compared to a young adult of the same gender, which are the following: A score above
[ -1 ] is considered normal. A score between [ -1 ] and [ -2.5 ] is classified as low bone mass (osteopenia). A score below [ -2.5 ] is defined as osteoporosis. T score estimates your risk of developing fractures. A 'Z' score reflects the amount of bone a person's has compared others in the same age group. Score is usually high or low, indicating a need for further testing. Bills T score was
[-2.8]. Bill T score is classified as osteoporosis accordingly to the DXA test results. (radiologyinfo, 2012)
Bills history, supports his risks for osteoporosis. His use of asthma medications which could be either glucocorticoids or corticosteroid puts him at risk for bone loss. The gluccorticoid is an anti-infla mmatory drug decreases calcium absorption from food, decreases bone formation, and increases calcium excretion in the kidneys. The corticosteroid drug can interfere with sex hormone production, promote muscle and bone loss. Most of Bills activity is mostly sedentary due to his asthma, although he does take daily walks which is a plus. He also does not eat well and does not take in dairy products. Lastly his age makes him an obvious risk. His increasing back pain after a walk was the only symptom that made him go to a physician. The x-ray report showing a compressed (collapse) fracture the L1of the vertebrae which probably cause his pain. The vertebrae (lumbar region) is a region that bears most of the body weight. The Bone Mineral Density Test (DXA) T results was scored [-2.8]. Both x-ray and DXA medical findings support Bill's diagnosis.
Bill's treatment management will possibly require a increase calcium and vitamin D diet intake, with the emphasis in a calcium supplement of 1200-1500 mg daily and a vitamin D of 600 -800 units a day. Continue to encourage a more active life style along with his daily weight bearing exercise to prevent bone loss, which he already does by walking. Bill's physician will probably manage both asthma and osteoporosis by balancing medication that will benefit Bill with least side effects. For his asthma, the physician may put Bill on a glucocorticoid ( hydrocortisone or prednisone) inhaler instead of oral, at a lower dose and encourage shorter time of use. For osteoporosis, treatment would consist of anti-resorptive agents which inhibit bone reabsorption. Bisphosphonates is a class of drugs that inhibits breaking down of bone, decreasing the risk for hip, wrist, and spinal fracture. One example of this drug would be Fosamax ( bisphosphonate anti-resorptive medication) which has shown to increase bone density in men. Another example, Actonel (bisphosphonate anti-resorptive ) is a better medication for those people who have osteoporosis caused by cortisone related medication, which may be indicated in Bill's case. This medication is more potent in resorption of bone than Fosamax and is less irritating to the esophagus.




References
Anonymous. (2012). How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled?
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from Nhlbi.nih.gov website
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/treatment.html
Anonymous. (2012). What is Asthma?
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from Nhlbi.nih.gov website
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/
Anonymous. (2011, January). What People With Asthma Need to Know About Osteoporosis
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from Nhlbi.nih.gov website
http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/Conditions_Behaviors/asthma.asp
Anonymous. (2012). Bone Density Scan
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from Radiologyinfo website
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=dexa
Bihari, M. MD. (2008, November 25). Osteoporos for men
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from About website
http://drugs.about.com/od/osteoporosismedications/a/osteoporos_men.htm
Anonymous. (2012). Osteoporosis medications
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from ACAAI website
http://www.acaai.org/allergist/asthma/conditions/osteoporosis-and-asthma/Pages/osteoporosis-medications.aspx


Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 10
(pp. 180), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.

Pathophysiology week 3

I'm Just Tired
You have to love the our immune system. “ You must remember this. A kiss is not just a kiss..., ” is a partial lyrics in a song sung in the classic movie “Casablanca”. The above lyrics is a clue how infectious mononucleosis can be spread. Unknown to any one person, the saliva in the mouth may harbor the Epstein-Barr ( EBV) virus. In part, this may be what happened in the following scenario.
Karen is a 17 y.o. Female basketball player who has been suffering from fatigue. It is beginning to interfere with her playing, and her team is expected to go to the playoffs this year. She also has a sore throat. Karen believes she is just not getting enough sleep due to games and being out with her boyfriend. However, her mother insists she visit the doctor.
Infectious mononucleosis is a common illness caused by Epstein-Barr virus(EBV). EBV is categorize in the herpes virus group. The primary transmission source of EBV is a person-to-person contact with saliva; however in a few cases transmission may occur through air ( droplet in sneezing or coughing) or blood. The EBV exposure eventually leads to the infection of the B lymphocytes in the epithelial cells of the nasopharynx and oropharynx In the United States, 95 % of adults between the ages of 30-45 years of age have already been exposed to the EBV and have antibodies (immunity) that can target the virus. Thus, sometime during their life span, these people have been infected with EBV. Thanks to the immune system, the antibodies that targets the EBV cells, produces a life long immunity. However, the EBV can become dormant and remain in a few epithelial cells in the throat and blood. In some healthy people, this stealth-like nature of the EBV reactivates in the person's saliva, causes no symptoms and , the person then becomes a carrier, shedding the EBV without his/hers knowledge of its existence. According to the Center of Disease and Control (CDC), this may be one reason why EBV is world wide and difficult to prevent. These same people can secrete the EBV through out their life time due to the periods of reactivation. Most children who have been exposed to EBV do not have any symptoms or are treated for having other mild childhood illnesses. In teenagers and young adults, symptomatic conditions and signs of mononucleosis, usually occurs in 35-50% of the cases per National Center of Infectious Disease. Incubation period (time from the initial infection to the appearance of symptoms) for mononucleosis is approximately 4 -8 weeks. Contagious period is usually
during the infection period and weeks after ward. (pg 164-165)( cdc.gov, 2011)(aafp, 2004)
The physician finds Karen has swollen lymph nodes; an enlarged spleen; and tonsillitis. The lab test come back with the following findings: CBC: Increased WBC; normal RBC. Liver Function Test: Increase liver enzymes. Heterophil antibody test : positive.
Clinical symptoms and signs of mononucleosis involve sore throat (80-90%), fever, headache, malaise (lack of energy), fatigue, temporary rash on trunk, enlarged (swollen) lymph nodes/glands (lymphadenopathy), enlarged spleen (splenomegly) and the age factor. Diagnostic measures are also taken to confirm or rule out other illnesses/causes. Lab test that narrow in on certain symptoms or signs such as culture for sore throat or fever, blood chemistry test to reveal infection or abnormal liver functions, and a heterophil antibody test (Monospot test), which is sensitive to specific antibodies made in the immune system. An elevated white count( increase in lymphacytes and monocytes ), an increase or presence of atypical T-lymphacytes, and a positive heterophil test confirms the diagnosis. ( cdc.gov, 2012)( Gould, B. E, pg 165, 2011)(aafp, 2004)(labtestonline, 2012)
Karen's physician likely suspected Karen's diagnosis as mononucleosis due to Karen's symptoms, signs and physical exam. Karen was in the right age group, suffered fatigue, malaise, and had a sore throat. Her exposure to saliva could have come from any one she was close to. Number one, it could have come from her boy friend. Number two, one or more of her family members or friends, where she may shared a bite of cake or another food item where the utensil or food may have saliva on it. It could be any number of situations where saliva maybe exchanged.
Karen's physical exam noted swollen lymph nodes, an enlarge spleen, and tonsillitis. Karen's lab results showed an increase in WBCs and normal RBCs, an increase liver enzymes obtained from the liver function test, and a positive Heterophil Antibody Test. The increase liver enzymes only indicates that there is some liver inflammation, with mono the liver enzymes usually return to normal without treatment. The lab results along with the Heterophil Antibody Test confirmed Karen's diagnosis. Karen had to have mono for a period of time in order to obtain an acceptable amount antibodies made by the immune system for the Heterophil Antibody Test to become positive, approximately 1-4 weeks. ( immunity cycle).
Karen's doctors prescribes a treatment regimen and tells her she may not play basketball for at least one month and she needs an exam before she resumes playing. Karen is disappointed she cannot play basketball, but is happy that the doctor says she will never get this disease again.
Since mononucleosis is viral, Karen's physician more than likely prescribed comfort and supportive measures that would help in relieving her symptoms, such as plenty of rest, or an over-the-counter analgesic like tylenol or motrin for temporary relief from discomfort (no aspirin in her age group due to Reyes syndrome), and fluid hydration. It also might be possible that Karen's tonsillitis is a bacterial infection, secondary affect of mono. An antibacterial drug would be prescribed ( ampicillin and amoxicillin should be avoided due body rash potential in people with mono, thus mistaken as an allergy) . If not, gargling with salt water is one home-made treatment that could be used to soothe the soreness in her throat along with others temporary remedies , such sucking on a Popsicle or warm drinks etc. (medicinenet, 2010)
The spleen is fragile and important part of the immune system. It filters blood, stores iron from recycle RBCs, removes abnormal blood cells, and initiates response of B cells and T cells in the blood. Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) caused by mono, makes it vulnerable to injury. Karen's physician requested no basketball for a month most likely due to the spleen's vulnerability to injury. A follow up clinic visit was needed in order to evaluate the spleen before Karen resumes basketball. (webmd,
As mentioned earlier, Karen does not have to worry about getting the disease again; she has life time immunity. At the present, she only needs to concern herself in getting better with lots of hugs with no kisses from her family, friends, and boyfriend.

References
Anonymous. (2012). Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from CDC.gov website
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/ebv.htm
Ebell, M.H.. (2004, October, 1). Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from CDC.gov website
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1001/p1279.html
Anonymous. (2012). Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from CDC.gov website
http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ebv/tab/test
Anonymous. (2010, April 19). Spleen
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from webmd.com website
http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-spleen
Stöppler, M.C. (2012). Infectious Mononucleosis
Retrieved January 20, 2012, from medicinenet website
http://www.medicinenet.com/infectious_mononucleosis/page3.htm#6whatis

Gould, B. E.. (2011) Chapter 10
(pp. 165), Path physiology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition. Saunders Learning, printed in United States.

Structure and Function of the Human Body week 7

1. Compare and contrast non-specific and specific immunity. What is the difference between innate immunity, acquired immunity, active immunity, and passive immunity?

The immunity system works two ways. Non-specifically and specifically. The main difference between non-specific immunity and specific immunity have to do with the following: the response time, non-antigen specific vs. antigen specific and no memory vs. memory after exposure from the pathogen, foreign matter or abnormal cell.
In non-specific immunity (present at birth ) defense barriers are always present, capable of targeting non-specific antigens, has no immunological memory (immediate action only), and responds more immediate to invading organisms. In other words, the main function of non-specific immunity is preventing microbes from entering into the body by targeting antigens before hand or isolating them if microbes does enter the body, as in an inflammatory response (temporary repair, slows the spread of pathogen, and helps with tissue regeneration). An intact skin is the first line of defense for non-specific immunity. The skin prevents invasion of microbes. Other body defense surfaces includes mechanical and tactile protection the hair provides on the scalp and other parts of the body, sweat and sebaceous glands found in the epidermal (that flushes and washes away microbes and chemical agents), and epithelium lining in the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract where acidity, enzymes, and mucus are secreted. Microbes are caught in the mucous found in the nose and respiratory. The stomach's acidity produces an environment that can hinder microbe growth or can destroy the microbe. Mucous in the urinary track attract microbes and flushes them out of the body. (pg 480)

Also included in non-specific immunity is phagocytes, the first line of cellular defense. There are two classes of phagocytes, microphages and macrophages. These 'Pac-Man' cells circulate in the blood system and enter the peripheral tissue, looking for microbes and pathogens to surround, and destroy. They are usually the first to encounter infection. (pg 479-480)

In the immunological surveillance, our body's immune system is surveying for abnormal cells to attack and destroy. This involves lymphocyte,NK (natural killer)cells. The NK cells pick up antigens on abnormal cells membranes. (pg 480)

The interferons are small proteins released by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and tissue cells that have been exposed to a virus. In essence, cellular exposure with interferons produces anti-viral proteins; thereby, prevents viral replication inside the cell and slows the spread of the virus.

The complement system (complements antibodies' action) attacks and breaks down. Complement activation attracts phagocytes, stimulates phagocytosis, destroys plasma membranes (breaks down cellular walls), and stimulates inflammation. (pg 480-481)

In the inflammation process, mast cells play an important role. Mast cells are found in connective tissue and their main duty is to release chemicals that activates the body's defenses after an injury or infection. Once the mast cell is activated, blood flow increases, phagocytes are activated, capillary permeability increases the inflammation response, clotting reaction walls off region, regional temperature is increased, and specific defenses are activated. (pg 480)

In specific immunity, there is a lag time between exposure to the antigen and maximum response (antibodies). T-cells and B cells are naturally programmed in the bone marrow and thymus to attack only specific (nonself) antigens and not normal (self)body antigens found on normal cells. T-cells provide defense against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells (cell mediated immunity). B-cells provide defense against antigens and pathogens in body fluid (antibody-mediated immunity). Exposure to the pathogen or foreign cell results in immunological memory.

There are also two types of specific immunity, innate and acquired. Innate immunity is the genetically determined at birth and has no prior exposure to the antigen involved. The acquired immunity occurs when prior exposure and antibody production exist. Active and passive immunity are subdivision of acquired immunity. Active immunity is produced when specific antibodies develop in response to specific antigens. Active immunity can either occur through natural ( environmental) means or induced ( administration of antigens) means. Passive immunity is produced by transfer of antibodies from another person. Passive immunity can also occur through natural means such as in maternal breast milk or transferred of maternal antibodies across the placenta. (pg 482-483)

2. Explain the pathway of lymph once it enters into the lymphatic vessels to being “dumped” back into the blood stream. What materials or items could be found in the lymph? What happens to the lymph when it goes through the lymph node?

Unlike our circulatory system, where the blood stream is pumped by the heart, the lymphatic system is only a one way system that flows upward from the extremities (feet and hands), through the body towards the neck. This is accomplished through the normal movement of the respiratory and skeletal muscles and the overlapping arrangement of the endothelial cells found in the lymphatic vessels that promotes forward movement and prevents backflow. (pg 473)

Since the lymphatic vessels run parallel to the venous system, the start of the lymphatic system begins with the lymphatic capillaries which begins as a blind pockets in the peripheral tissue. These capillaries are lined with simple squamous epithelium and lack a basement membrane. This permits permeability of fluids, solids, and waste to flow into the lymphatic capillaries. (pg 473)

Lymphatic capillaries eventually flows into larger lymphatic vessels that eventually leads toward the trunk of the body. Like the venous system, valves are needed in the larger lymphatic vessels to prevent back flow due to the pressure in the vessel is low. The larger lymphatic vessels empty into two large lymphatic ducts, thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. The thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs and from the left half of the head, neck, and chest. It finally empties into the venous system near the junction between the left jugular vein and the left subclavian vein. The right lymphatic duct covers a smaller area. The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body, the right arm, and the right side of the head and neck. It empties into the right subclavian vein (which is blood) that eventually goes into the right atrium of the heart back into the circulatory. I can imagine anything that leaks out from the tissue into the interstitial fluid leaks into the lymphatic capillaries; therefore, the thin epithelium found in the lymphatic capillaries permits water, protein molecules and other molecules, virus, bacteria, fungi and other pathogens are carried in the lymph. (pg 473)

When the lymph is processed through the lymph node, a filtration process is taking place removing waste products, some excess fluids, and purifying lymph fluid before it reaches the venous system. Afferent lymphatic vessels carry unfiltered lymph fluid through the nose. When the lymph flows through the sinuses of the lymph node, 99% of antigens are removed by macrophages (white blood cells). As the antigens are spotted and removed, this stimulates the T-cells and B-cells to activate which initiates the immune response. After the purification of the lymph fluid, the fluid is returned to the venous circulatory system through the efferent lymphatic vessels.

3. Compare and contrast T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes specific immunity mechanisms. In specific immunity, why does exposure (1st exposure compared to 2nd and subsequent exposures) matter?

Cells recognize antigens when those antigens are bound to membrane receptors of other cells. The structure of these antigen-binding membrane receptors is generally determine. Membrane receptors are called major histocompatibility complier (MHC) proteins. There are tow classes of MHC. Class I MHC protein are found in the plasma membrane of all nucleated cells. Class II MHC proteins are found in the membranes of lymphocytes of antigen – presenting cells (APC)
Class I MCH is MCH bend of display small peplicales molecules (chain of amino acid that are activated either by recognition such as in organ donation or by contact as in viral or bacterial which results in destruction of the abnormal cell. Class II MCH activate 7 cells to attack foreign cells, including bacteria and foreign proteins such as microglia in the CNS and macrophages in the liver (keep their cells) After the ACC breakdown the foreign antigens / pathogens – fragments of the foreign antigens are imprinted on their cell surfaces bound to class II MHC protein. T Cells that come in contract are APC membrane become activated initiating an immune response activating of T cell only occurs when MHC protein contains the specific antigen the T cell is program to detect T cells divide and differentiate into cells specific function in the immune response. These types are cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, memory T cells and suppressor T Cells. (pg 486-488)

Cytotoxen T cells (killer t-cells) responsible for all medicated immunity they are activated by exposure to antigens bound to class I MHC proteins. They destroy their target by the following specific secretions: lymphotorein disrupt the cell metabolism, cytocrine tell the cell genes to die and perform which destructs the plasma membrane. T cells are activated by exposure to antigen bound to Class II MHC helper T Cells are activated by exposure to antigen bound to class II MHC proteins on antigen presenting cells through activation they divide to produce memory cells and more helper T cells. (pg 486-488)

Cytotoxin T cells and helper T cells developing into memory T cells these cell remain in reserve until the same antigen appears a second time around in which case they will become either cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells and enhance in speed and effectiveness of the immune response. Suppressor T cells have their major job which is to put the brakes on the response of other T cells and B cells by secreting cytolysis called suppression factors – suppression cells act after the initial immune system. (pg 486-488)

Initial response to antigen exposure is called primary response. Primary response takes approximately one-two weeks to develop peak antibody levels after exposure then recline. ICM modules are the first to appear in the blood stream followed by a slow rise in IGC. Secondly, in the primary response, antigens must activate specific B cells and B cells must then respond by differentiating into plasma cells. Memory B cells do not differentiate into plasma until cells are exposed to the same antigen a second time. After the 2nd exposure occurs, memory B cells respond quickly by dividing and differentiating into plasma cells that then secrete massive amount of antibodies. (pg 486-488)

During the second response, the body is ready with antibodies. The response is faster and stronger. The memory cells are already equipped to attack even with low levels of antigens. Immunization looks as a secondary response. because it stimulates the production of memory B cells under controlled condition. (pg 486-488)

B cells launch a chemical attack on antigens by going through a series of events that result in production of specific antibodies. Each B cells carries its own antibody molecule in its cell membrane. When a corresponding antigen appears in the interstitial luid gets well bound by B cells antibodies. The antigen enters the b cell by endocytosis and become displayed on class II MHC protein surface this is called sensitized activated help T cells encounting the antigen on the sensitizing B cell then release cytogens that trigger the activation of the B cell. The B cell then divides producing memory B cells and plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Memory B cells like memory T cells remain on reserve to respond until second exposure of the same centigen at which time they respond by differenting into antibodies and secreting plasma cells. (pg 486-488)

Antigen antibody binding occurs between antigen binding sets on the antibody and antigenric determinant sites on the antigen. When an antibody molecule binds to its specific antigen an antigen antibody complex is formed. This is where they bind to certain positions of its exposed surface called antigenic determinate sites. (pg 486-488)

4. Immune responses are consistently occurring within our body and involve many complex steps. For the most part these mechanisms perform very well but there are 3 categories of complications and/or dysfunction that can occur within the immune system. List and describe each category and the cause of the dysfunction.

There are three classes of disorders that can result from a malfunctioning immune system. Autoimmune system is one class that targets normal (self) cells' antigens and tissues as foreign invaders. This causes the B-cells to produce specific antibodies to attack normal cells and tissues. These antibodies are called autoantibodies. Examples of autoimmune deficiency disorder is a situation that occurs in IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) where the auto-antibodies attack cells in the pancreatic islets. Another situation that can occur under autoimmune disorder is when antibodies start to associate normal protein amino acids sequencing with those of several viruses. Many viruses' proteins contain amino acids that closely resembles the amino acid sequence found in the nervous system protein. Complications caused by a viral infection or vaccination can result in a decease such as multiple sclerosis. Lastly, autoimmune disorder can be found in people who have an unusual genetic MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein. People with this defect may sub-comb to such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, grave's disease, psoriasis or pernicious anemia.

Immune deficiency disease is another class. In this case, there is an abnormal development of the immune system or the immune response is blocked. Children with SCIDC (severe combined immunodeficiency deceases) get to developed cell on immune response, total protected infected. Aids is another immunodeficiency decease caused by viral infection that targets helper T-cells which eventually causes an immune response to malfunctionencies.

Allergies is a third classes of the immune diffidences caused by antigens called allergens. In this case, the immune responds inappropriately excessively to the allergies. Immune hypersensitivity is a rapid form response to an antigen. The initial exposure does not trigger a response allergic reaction, but only lets the stage for a prone aggressive response second time around. The initial response only starts the process for IGE antibodies production and attach themselves to the cell membrane of the aphelia and mast cells. Later with the second exposure, these cells are activated and release histamine, heparin, several cytoganis, prostoglancilins, and other chemical into the surrounding tissues. The severity depends on the person's sensitively on areas envalve such as the body surface. - inflammation is restricted to that area, blood stream could be devastating in area prophylaxis is where the allergen affects the mast cells producing a severe reaction or even lethal reaction. The affects can produce cells-producing capillaries in the smooth muscle causing difficult breathing and of severe vasodilation causing circulatory collapse in the airway (Cana-phylactic shock)


5. Why can fevers be a good mechanism for the body? Why can they be a bad mechanism?
Fever is any temperature higher than 99°Fahrenheit. Fever is also your body's reaction to infection and illness. It helps the body to fight infections. Fever is only a symptom – along with other symptoms helps one determine your illness.
Fever as high as 103°for short time is helpful, because it helps the body fight infection by increasing the rate of metabolism, which enhances the phagocytosis, and increase enzymatic reaction. Fever occurs when the body's immune response is triggered by a protein called pyrogen (fever producing) . Pyrogens usually come from an outside source of the body and can stimulate production the inside of the body. Pyrogens causes the hypothalamus to increase the temperature set point (higher than 98.6° as an example). Examples of outside pyrogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and toxins.
High fevers over a long duration can cause problems for the body such as dehydration, and CNS problems which over the long run can be lethal to the body's homeostasis.

The hardest game not a SHMUP

 Dark Souls is undoubtedly a game that many gamers will have goose bumps at the mention of the name. The spiritual successor to the enormously difficult Demon's Souls is therefore anything but inviting to one who knows that stress resistance is not among his best qualities. Not that this is the intention of developer From Software. In fact, with a slogan like "Prepare to die" ensure that they have the courage even to fans already in the shoe drops before you start the game.

After hesitating for a while in the menu, cleared all my courage and I decided to start a new game. This takes you right into the character creation menu, which, with a few exceptions, identical to that Demon's Souls. Again it is impossible for a character to create your own image, unless you are horribly ugly and maybe even a little deformed are. Even some kind of charm you can not add to your in-game warrior. Maybe I just do not want a prince charming, as you start the game as an undead.

Besides customizing your appearance, you can always choose the specialization of your character. This largely determines from the start the way you play, so think carefully about the pros and cons of all available options. Demon's Souls where you could choose between thirteen different classes, you now have only ten choices. The less popular or more challenging classes are merged with others or are just completely removed, which makes everything much simpler. Are you a newcomer to the franchise, then you should choose a Knight or Warrior with lots of armor and high strength. So you're from the beginning quite strong and the enormous amount of armor you with riding forward, you will not so soon die as a class with fabric or leather armor walking around like a Magician, a Cleric or Thief.

To get a little bit to get started, the game offers you the option to 'Gift' to carry with you. This allows you to start from a small advantage, that varies from one or more HP to heal masterkey. Some gifts give you anything extra and are therefore created to trick you or just for those who do not need to lead. So watch out! Some classes have already in the beginning of a gift, making your choice so can yield additional benefits. Make good use, though you should not forget that the makers you occasionally like a bit of bother. Not everything is as it seems!

After an intro movie that makes the game seem more interesting than it actually is, you wake up in the Undead Asylum. You are right at one of the most important objects in the game, the Dark Souls easier to make it playable predecessor Demon's Souls. I'm talking about the Bonfire. Although this definition is incredibly inaccurate, you have been from the beginning very glad it exists. A bonfire is in fact always a safe place and you have the mogelijkgeid multiple things to settle in any RPG are very important. So take a bonfire away all negative status effects and you can again get full health. You can also buy upgrades over the world to your bonfire as a 'marketplace' use. No longer have to walk anywhere is not a luxury in this world of evil undead.

From the beginning, not all features available on your bonfire, bonfire but you can upgrade as the game progresses. This is done by souls of defeated enemies in exchange for, say, a repairbox. Naturally suffer heavy armor and weapons under the constant fighting, so these are things that you at all times it should be considering. Remember that you also use these souls to upgrade your weapons and armor and of course to be a higher level. Sometimes it is better to first wait a poorly thought out choice. The absence of savegame you can never back yourself so often deprives good chance to continue and therefore rewarded with a quick death.

More important is filling your Estus Flasks, which complement your health if you do not have the opportunity to visit a bonfire. Unfortunately you can at most only five bonfires Flasks fill, unless you an upgrade does. The fire is something exuberant and Estus you get a maximum of ten. Apart from providing a positive, a bonfire is also your biggest annoyance. Resting on a bonfire because it triggers respawn all the enemies you've encountered on your way. At every little advantage is always a huge disadvantage. You will have to live, otherwise you will die.

You will notice several new things in the game including the HUD. As a magician you expect because under your health bar is a mana bar. This is missing and so is your health only accompanied by stamina. In Demon's Souls proved to be powered magic freely. This since you had the opportunity mana regenerating armor, weapons and / or trinkets to set up allowing you unlimited remote could stay if you played well. Death by avoiding 'false' play was definitely a blot on the escutcheon of Demon's Souls, so something had to be done.

So from now on magic is a limit. This allows you the basic spell "Soul Arrow" only 30 times before you are forced to switch to melee combat. This can also be upgraded later in the game, but until then this is a great form of frustration. As a magic user, you are a terribly weak swordsman. Do not forget that your stamina heavyweight weigh in Dark Souls you are only two or three times you hit before you're through. Not only attacks themselves, but also repel attacks and counter often cost you more stamina than you want. Is it, then you defenseless and you guessed it already fixed .. then you die.

The biggest change in Dark Souls compared to its predecessor, the semi-open world. In Demon's Souls you came to a central area - The Nexus - go when you die, and from there you could go to the start of each world. You played spawn additional places left later in the level, when the bosses defeated in those places. This allowed you without too much effort you move between certain parts of the world. In Dark Souls is not an option initially. Only much later in the game turns this feature back, and even then you only have a small selection bonfires go where you 'warp'. This forces you to so much of the game walking back and forth as if no end to it. Secretly, this is effective, because without your knowledge you gather souls still pretty much this way.

Of course you do, just like its predecessor, a wide range of shortcuts. Enormous even, and this time they are also much more effective. Of course, this game becomes too easy and thus shorter routes that From Software has well hidden, locked, difficult to get made ​​and / or guardians are interred in the form of almost immortal elite enemies. The latter can sometimes backfire, because the developers of the paths where you are not supposed to go littered with enemies of a higher level, which are indestructible. It's so confusing when you post a while back for that too complicated mini-boss at your sword to thread, and you then behind him (and some breakable boxes) a shortcut like you a lot of care could have saved if you previously had the time taken to the boss out of the way.

At such moments it is also very important that you think about the online options in the game, just like in Demon's Souls from start to finish is very evident. You have two forms of online play, you can help each other and you can thwart one another. This can in most cases only the human form of your character. This activates obtained by Humanity Sprites (an item that you normally get from enemies or find in treasure chests) to use and a bonfire in your so-called "Hollow" is reversed. With your White Soapstone can call people to help you and you can also see their requests. Note that if you're hollow, you are immune to the Black Phantom players who want to invade your world. In your human form you are not. Unless you are sure of yourself, it is advisable to not use your human form, because although defeated Black Phantoms bring many souls, they are often much harder than the AI ​​enemies.

You hear that it is a pretty common phenomenon in large red letters regularly to "You died" to see, but it makes the victory very sweet when you're in big yellow letters, "You defeated 'sees. This can happen when you see a boss, or Black Phantom, a cup (or in exceptional cases a few cups!) Smaller. This is actually to turn the power of the game. Indeed, many a gamer does not settle the dismay that follows die by a simple accumulation of enemies, traps, and other elites such scum. This often means that even people who just can not win every time the challenge to keep going. The worst way of dying is by small errors in the game. So you will often die by an invisible wall that you are a bridge pushes, a boss at 0 HP's and but an incomprehensible way the Grim Reaper outwit remains unseen enemies, the malfunctioning lock-on system, doors after a battle not so open. In other words, learn programming!

Meanwhile, the you probably have noticed that after writing quite some time, I barely text devoted to the story. I have this on purpose, because hardly any good story is found in Dark Souls. As in Demon's Souls is the story really interesting and you do not understand much. Next to that a little of the plot at the beginning of the game and when it ends. In between you get (almost) nothing to hear and only NPCs in the game cinematics are incorporated, are those that are intended to einbazen even narrower in the picture. The latter she is also very well done, because they certainly are scary! The only NPC who occasionally has something interesting to say the Crest Fallen Warrior who throughout the game is for the Fire Left Shire - the place that all parts of the Dark Souls world connects.

Overall, Dark Souls is a great game, but it's also a game that you can give a lot of stress. Dark Souls, it seems, despite the scant information from the developer himself, at first quite easily, but as expected, later a huge **** of a game to be. Small errors in battle you can lose a number of playing hours costs. Why it's so unfortunate that From Software has not learned from Demon's Souls when it comes to control woody and bugs. Fortunately, they learned of the complaining about the lack of variety in enemies and environments.

Here they worked hard and you notice significant improvement. Unfortunately, the game is still ugly. In any case, to me that in any case important is that, especially as a new soul, always playing online. Although there are players you just want to run a trick, there are also very helpful gamers who hints, tips and tricks for you to leave. This leaves only question is, what do you believe? Incidentally, I have especially for you track how many times I've gone dead. After about 25 hours play I'm in a good number of 238. I think this is now my lucky number.

Pros

- More shortcuts.
- More types of enemies.
- Even more challenging.
- Bigger game world.
- Environment is very diverse. Cons

- No interesting story.
- Bugs.

Wii cannot have all the fun!

 That desperate feeling that comes to mind when you frantically look around you, an insane mass villagers from all sides fly drawing near and with a desperate look in your eyes that last magazine bullets in your gun slide. That moment of awe when the camera zoom and a huge monster that slowly reveals your worn out engine boat by swimming. Or that scary scene where you into nothing hanging cage enters and after a few seconds realize that you are not alone ... Resident Evil 4 is filled to the brim with moments that you remember, moments that many horror and action game embarrass the cheeks get. This game is not for nothing that one of the best games ever known.


Shinji Mikami of Resident Evil 4 proved once again that he knows better than anyone how absolutely Topgame works. That the fourth part of Capcom's horror franchise with its most radical change significantly from the corner came in the year 2011 is still on. The story was in the HD remake of course, nothing has changed. A few years after the destruction of Raccoon City in Resident Evil 3, Leon Kennedy dispatched to the kidnapped daughter of U.S. President - Ashley - to save. This mission takes him to a very grim corner of Spain, where he was from one horror scenario in the other is thrown.

How good do Resident Evil 4 may not be in narrative point of view, we're a bit like our hunger. The series has a background of highly complex, mysterious plot lines that you often through some ingenious twists to dumbfound able to store and comparison is the story of Resident Evil 4 very straightforward. More, at some point it all becomes a bit repetitive. Ashley saves, bring her to safety, rescues her again ... and so on. What Capcom does well, is to ensure that the player through highly varied scenarios never know exactly where it will end after the current level.


Resident Evil 4 single-handedly revolutionized the way we now play third-person shooters the camera just behind the right shoulder of Leon to post. Extremely intuitive controls made the finishing touch. Fans of the genre would no longer must you stumble on the fact that in this Resident Evil can not simultaneously run and gun, a factor that - once you get used to - the intensity of the game a little more height in the hunt . Still feeling the game, especially the way Leon runs, at times a little too slowly - as logical as a sad side effect of the special flexible controls in Dead Space for example.

Nevertheless, we certainly do not lament shouting - on the contrary. Resident Evil 4 is still so extraordinarily exciting as we remembered. The most overwhelming number of enemies chased once again in all our level pulse rapidly rising. The numerous boss fights not only provide a stiff challenge, but also a visual and aural thrill. And some enemies from the last part of the game will always keep chasing our darkest dreams. As we have indicated in our introduction, this is a game that stays with you long after the credits rolled his. A Topgame that everyone must have played at least once!


Capcom tries Resident Evil 4 in HD on the PSN throw piggybacking on the current HD remakes trend, but it fails here a little. We ask because we are still wondering where exactly in the game, we have found that HD part. Resident Evil 4 looks anything but good on the PlayStation 3 and we would be lying if we say we would not be expected. Agreed, this is a PS2 game, so we need a little more tolerant attitude. However, this - especially by the pathetic display environments - we have not stopped to Resident Evil 4 on graphics just to name a disappointment.

The soundtrack and voice acting is still a high level and with the rock-solid gameplay and the simple fact that Resident Evil 4 played a pioneering role in the third person shooter genre, this ensures that this HD remake surely be 20 euro price tag is worth. If you've played the game yet, you owe it to yourself to him one time to pick. Do not expect ingenious storyline and certainly no graphical miracles, because you will travel on a bare back. To finish: Resident Evil 4 is visually weaker, but much better quality big brother in 2009 released Resident Evil 5.

Pros

- Controls.
- Memorable.
- Variation.
- Pioneering.

Cons

- Straightforward story.
- Graphic weak.

Resident Evil 4 (2005) review

 That desperate feeling that comes to mind when you frantically look around you, an insane mass villagers from all sides fly drawing near and with a desperate look in your eyes that last magazine bullets in your gun slide. That moment of awe when the camera zoom and a huge monster that slowly reveals your worn out engine boat by swimming. Or that scary scene where you into nothing hanging cage enters and after a few seconds realize that you are not alone ... Resident Evil 4 is filled to the brim with moments that you remember, moments that many horror and action game embarrass the cheeks get. This game is not for nothing that one of the best games ever known.


Shinji Mikami of Resident Evil 4 proved once again that he knows better than anyone how absolutely Topgame works. That the fourth part of Capcom's horror franchise with its most radical change significantly from the corner came in the year 2011 is still on. The story was in the HD remake of course, nothing has changed. A few years after the destruction of Raccoon City in Resident Evil 3, Leon Kennedy dispatched to the kidnapped daughter of U.S. President - Ashley - to save. This mission takes him to a very grim corner of Spain, where he was from one horror scenario in the other is thrown.

How good do Resident Evil 4 may not be in narrative point of view, we're a bit like our hunger. The series has a background of highly complex, mysterious plot lines that you often through some ingenious twists to dumbfound able to store and comparison is the story of Resident Evil 4 very straightforward. More, at some point it all becomes a bit repetitive. Ashley saves, bring her to safety, rescues her again ... and so on. What Capcom does well, is to ensure that the player through highly varied scenarios never know exactly where it will end after the current level.


Resident Evil 4 single-handedly revolutionized the way we now play third-person shooters the camera just behind the right shoulder of Leon to post. Extremely intuitive controls made the finishing touch. Fans of the genre would no longer must you stumble on the fact that in this Resident Evil can not simultaneously run and gun, a factor that - once you get used to - the intensity of the game a little more height in the hunt . Still feeling the game, especially the way Leon runs, at times a little too slowly - as logical as a sad side effect of the special flexible controls in Dead Space for example.

Nevertheless, we certainly do not lament shouting - on the contrary. Resident Evil 4 is still so extraordinarily exciting as we remembered. The most overwhelming number of enemies chased once again in all our level pulse rapidly rising. The numerous boss fights not only provide a stiff challenge, but also a visual and aural thrill. And some enemies from the last part of the game will always keep chasing our darkest dreams. As we have indicated in our introduction, this is a game that stays with you long after the credits rolled his. A Topgame that everyone must have played at least once!


Capcom tries Resident Evil 4 in HD on the PSN throw piggybacking on the current HD remakes trend, but it fails here a little. We ask because we are still wondering where exactly in the game, we have found that HD part. Resident Evil 4 looks anything but good on the PlayStation 3 and we would be lying if we say we would not be expected. Agreed, this is a PS2 game, so we need a little more tolerant attitude. However, this - especially by the pathetic display environments - we have not stopped to Resident Evil 4 on graphics just to name a disappointment.

The soundtrack and voice acting is still a high level and with the rock-solid gameplay and the simple fact that Resident Evil 4 played a pioneering role in the third person shooter genre, this ensures that this HD remake surely be 20 euro price tag is worth. If you've played the game yet, you owe it to yourself to him one time to pick. Do not expect ingenious storyline and certainly no graphical miracles, because you will travel on a bare back. To finish: Resident Evil 4 is visually weaker, but much better quality big brother in 2009 released Resident Evil 5.

Pros

- Controls.
- Memorable.
- Variation.
- Pioneering.

Cons

- Straightforward story.
- Graphic weak.

Batman: Arkham City

"If Batman exists, he will not dare to come here." Hyper nervous inmate tries his buddy next to him in vain to reassure, not knowing that I am right behind them. I decide to no longer renew their suffering and save with a brusque movement, their heads together. They had barely time to realize what was happening. It is not long before the third criminal in the room is their unconscious bodies. As the minutes pass, I save him smilingly watched from a gargoyle. He calls for help, but gets no answer. He frantically looks around but sees nothing. Yet he knows that he is not alone. I wait patiently until the man is where I want it. I'm Batman ... and it feels damn good.

Actually I can not review further mention. The word "hymn" would be more appropriate. Rocksteady has succeeded in approaching to the perfection in all areas and provides a true flagship off. Take the story. Quincy Sharp, two years ago, director of Arkham Asylum, has been mayor of Gotham City kicked and that the inhabitants have known. The man - who in the previous section a very dark side appeared to have - clears a hefty portion of the city, and it then converts into a super prison. All criminals are thrown inside the giant fences and more abandoned.

To see that this whole thing stinks, you do not even have to have a perfect nose. Even Bruce Wayne Sharp trust and certainly not unhappy about the appointment of Hugo Strange as the sinister head of Arkham City. The former Playboy brand new politician to act as a lobby for closing the prison, but during a speech abruptly arrested by the private army of Strange and locked himself in Arkham City. One call to butler Alfred and a visit from the Batwing later pulls Wayne Batmanpak and goes to investigate. Strange but soon becomes apparent that one purpose: the activation of some diabolical plan by the mysterious name "Protocol 10".

What 'Protocol 10' really means is not immediately clear, and that I will not tell you here. Strange that he knows Batman better stops, if only because the mad psychiatrist appears to be aware of Batman's true identity. The matter is further complicated by the Joker and Harley Quinn in Arkham City hiding. Joker has the last adventure of a nasty illness that kept him sometimes very acidic and could break up the dangerous clown in a purple suit will likely be ready for the Dark Knight to turn to find a drug. It is the beginning of a mad ride through Arkham City, where a huge number of iconic villains presented.

The list of characters Rocksteady from the DC Comics library gets is impressive and at times overwhelming. If you count the side missions, in which each one of Batman's enemies are now in the spotlight claims, it may sometimes happen that the trees not see the forest. Still, the developer managed to pass this rather chaotic ship on course and the result is being. The story in Arkham City is compelling, occasionally quite moving and also completely unpredictable. A little knowledge of the Batman universe is not a luxury, all doing their best to Rocksteady through various biographies and background stories, the newcomer warmly welcome.

Is Batman: Arkham City is the perfect sequel? So you could describe. Rocksteady has taken at least the base of the fantastic Arkham Asylum and built on them. The list of improvements that have almost perfect formula is significant. The setting, Arkham City is enormous compared to the madhouse of the original and every inch exudes tons of atmosphere. The declining steel mill where Joker dwell and the impressive courtroom where Two-Face own right plays up with bizarre trophy-filled museum where Penguin nefarious plans forge and with deadly traps filled test chambers of the Riddler ... super jail is varied and obviously with much love for the source material put together. That it is all top-notch graphic look is the icing on the cake. Under a helicopter to hang and the camera slowly around you will run again and again for a wow moment where you jaw-dropping.

But there's more: Arkham City is not only wonderful to look at, the city lives simply. On every street corner holding criminals groups and heated debate at intersections are often brutal way wars were fought. The conversations you while you catch like Batman crossed the city not only add much to the background story, but also make sure that you really feel that you and these criminals locked up. You almost smell the dirty air from smokestacks flows almost feel the icy rain on your face and actually shivering from the cold when you go over the port filled with floating ice. If you are ever on guard through the streets running, feel the unknown threat that at any moment from the shadows at you could jump. This is a world where the hell can break loose at any given time, a world where you always have the street and the sky behind you keep an eye on. A magnificent performance from Rock Steady, let that be clear. Hats off!

Whoever thought that the whole glider happen in Arkham Asylum felt a bit limited, will be delighted with Arkham City. Rocksteady has in this area which is kind of revolutionized by adding a dive option and by making sure that this time you can launch in full flight to the next way station. Later in the game you are upgrading Fri persons you can do a lot faster, so if you some practice over the city without crossing your feet even once touching the ground. It plays so smoothly that even aimlessly back and forth every time makes for a kick. Not that you ever will feel the urge to randomly go floating around. Do it with the numerous side missions, especially the Riddler with 440 challenges to that.

In terms of gameplay is about as in the previous section for two main pillars: combat and stealth. The solid, well-timed counterattacks based on combat system is back, but Rocksteady has made it a lot smoother. The number of enemies has increased sharply and the detainees are also a lot tougher this time than before. They are often put together with superiors in the attack, carrying a riot shield or try with a few quick stab wounds to surprise. Each type of enemy requires a different approach, and when confronted with a mix of fighting styles, this ensures that you are very focused and very calm above to proceed. Easier said than done, especially towards the end because it can be quite tough.


The stealth sections were provided with a decent upgrade. More takedowns, more possible strategies and especially enemies that little bit more alert and especially more responsive, so you never know peace. Like Arkham Asylum Detective Vision plays a major role. This can still see through walls, breakable objects in the environment or locate the armor of an enemy and then calmly analyze your action plan to put together. Detective Vision will also have to use the many puzzles that the game is rich to solve. This alternative view of the world is especially essential when you countless Riddler Trophies trying to get, but is also useful when the origin of a sniper shot trying to track or if you are using a footprint in the pursuit of a fast-paced ninja deployment . An improvement of one aspect in the first part was a little too underused.

Batman also has a decent pile of gadgets bijgekregen. You start the game with almost all the remedies that help you in Arkham Asylum together have saved, but your arsenal will gradually be supplemented with new toys. Think of a grenade that upon impact the enemy freezes or a hilarious device that you gun your opponent jamt, then you coolly at him strolling and his contemptuous "gotcha!" Attitude in an instant sees into outright panic. The gadgets we already know from the previous section can in the course of the game with all kinds of upgrades. So you can this time include lines with the Line Launcher to shoot where you can walk about and hacking minigame, the whole of the ground-up refactoring. Add to this a further option for the rapid use any gadgets on that very useful during the many battles and you know that Rocksteady far rested on his laurels.

I would still go on for hours about Batman: Arkham City. So I have not mentioned the many brilliant boss fights the game is rich and I have not mentioned yet Catwoman, who with her feminine sc ... uh elegance and her unique way of transportation makes for a welcome change. After twenty hours when you've finished the main storyline, side missions, the many easy to double the playing time. Add to that a 'new game plus option and numerous rooms for the challenge and you know that you value for money. The phenomenal and rousing soundtrack deserves a mention, as well as the fantastic voice acting. Mark Hamill and Kevin Conroy legendary Joker Batman's steel get competition from among others-like the rasping voice of Two-Face, the Riddler and the wonderfully annoying sounding almost sophisticated Penguin (Nolan "Nathan Drake" North vingerdik with accent).

The perfect game does not exist and so does Batman: Arkham City a few flaws. The camera sometimes unruly dare do when you're surrounded by superior numbers of enemies and after a careful examination to see all the faces are not equally convincing. But let a mosquito primarily to an elephant: it is sheer pedantry. It is too early to Arkham City to declare the best action game of the year, but I do not care at all. Rocksteady fact has put together a masterpiece that is very close to perfection. When you play this game, you really feel like you're Batman, and that in itself is an achievement many a superhero game should be jealous. This is a magnificent experience from beginning to end and for me a major contender for the title of Game of the Year. Now just hope that I will not wake up from a heavenly dream ... Batman: Arkham City is in fact really too good to be true.

Pros

- Wonderful story.
- Sophisticated gameplay.
- Long playing time.
- Interesting game world.
- Tons atmosphere.
- Graphic beautiful.
- Brilliant audio.

Cons

- none!