Wednesday, December 28, 2016

Alien Invasion 2017 timeline

April, 2017

  • April 16: An apparent "meteor" traveling at an unusually low altitude flies over Nice, France, before apparently crashing into the Mediterranean Sea. Numerous videos and photos of the incident are uploaded on various social media sites.
  • April 19: A Marietta, GA, couple and their eleven-year-old son are reported missing by worried family members after the three fail to appear at a wedding in New York City and do not respond to various texts and calls. No signs of foul play are found in the family's hotel room. Fellow hotel patrons report hearing or seeing nothing unusual.
  • April 20: A United Airlines 747 en route from Los Angeles to Sydney comes dangerously close to a mid-air collision with an unidentified aircraft somewhere over the Pacific Ocean.
  • April 26:
    • 9:39 AM EDT: The son of the missing Georgia couple is found naked and traumatized in Times Square, and is rushed to the nearest hospital. While being treated for shock, dehydration, and starvation, he is unable to answer repeated questions about his parents' whereabouts.
    • 11:58 PM MDT: 911 dispatchers in Phoenix, AZ, are flooded with emergency calls reporting a "strange creature" prowling in a residential neighborhood. One woman claims that the alleged creature broke into her home, ransacked her living room, and brutally killed her dog.
  • April 27: Thousands of people in Hong Kong gather on rooftops, balconies, and the streets to observe strange lights fly erratically over the city. Similar sightings are reported in the cities of Guanzhou, Nanning, Shantou, Macau, and Meizhou.
  • April 28:
    • Chinese officials cite "abnormal atmospheric disturbances" as the cause of the mass UFO sighting over southern China.
    • Panicked residents of a small, remote village in northwestern India claim that several "demons" attacked their village and kidnapped three young children and a pregnant woman on the night of April 26.
  • april 29: a boat goes missing in the Mediterranean Sea,Greek officials begin searching
  • may 2: Chinese soldiers begin hunting strange creatures in the Chinese countryside; 12 dead,7 in deep trauma
  • may 3: 7 german citizens found to have radiation poisoning after being blasted by a light from a strange ship in the sky
    • messages are sent to every device on earth claiming the human race will be destroyed in a matter of days,mass panic ensues
  • may 5:several explosions are seen in New York followed by four towers collapsing,2478 people dead
    • 4:32 AM Syria: rebel forces engage large grouped of strange creatures armed with laser weapons
    • 6:49 AM Syria: all alien forces destroyed and the body's are took to the USA and Russia to be examined
  • may 10
    • 3:21 PM South Europe: thousands of alien ships and soldiers pour out of the Mediterranean Sea:Greece and Turkey fall
    • 4:30 PM worldwide : thousands of ships come out of the atmosphere and engage American and Russian aircraft
    • 6:56 PM Indonesia:South-East Asia falls
  • may 11: Slovakia and Slovenia fall
  • may 13:
    • 6:46 AM UK: death of David Cameron
    • 7:04 PM UK: fall of Britain
    • 11:38 PM USA: fall of New York
  • may 12: fall of China,Japan and India
    • 5:42 PM Russia: Russia being invaded, launches a last ditch attempt to defeat the aliens
    • 6:26 PM Russia: all Russian military assets put into action and all nuclear weapons launched at the alien fleet,greatly damages alien forces but does not stop them
  • May 13: fall of Moscow
    • 11:06 PM American East Coast: after an alien ship is captured it is revealed what the aliens want to do with the humans; to use human parts to make more aliens
  • may 14: fall of Russia
  • may 15: fall of Europe, making Africa and the west coast of America the last bastions
    • 1:07 PM Australia: fall of Australia and New Zealand
  • May 16: USA: fall of the west coast
    • 2:49 AM global: alien high command declares fighting over moments before all of the alien fleet is wiped out by the American nuclear arsenal
  • may 18: fighting is over and the long rebuilding process begins

Why DVDs are still popular


  1. People weren't ready to move on from DVD to Blu-ray. DVDs started to be used for Films between 1995 and 1999, depending on where in the world you live. Blu-ray was introduced by 2006. Many people by this point, had started to build up a large collection of films, and IMO felt rather annoyed by technology moving on to a new disk format so quickly.
  2. Between 2006-2008 there was a small battle between Blu-ray and HD DVD (mainly fought between the Playstation 3 and the XBOX 360), to which format would be THE high definition format to prevail. Many people, outside of console gamers, were reluctant to purchase a dedicated Blu-ray or HD DVD player due to uncertainty over which would win. Nobody wanted to be left with useless technology and film collection they would be unable to use.
  3. The difference in definition between Blu-ray and DVD isn't all that great, to the average viewer. Especially when viewed on smaller TVs. It does't improve the enjoyment of a film for most people, especially when faced with the prospect of re-purchasing your back catalogue in a new format, which, incidentally, will also cost more than the DVD version.
  4. By this point, many people also had MULTIPLE DVD players in the home. Most people would be reluctant to replace all these. Even if you brought one Blu-ray player for the living room, when purchasing a new film, would you buy one which you can view on ONE of your pieces of tech, or ALL of them?
  5. Steaming technology harms Blu-rays chances of replacing DVDs further. Most people who avoided using Blu-ray in the early days, suddenly saw yet another change in how media content would be delivered to us at home. It made more sense to just start consuming SOME content on-line and the rest through their existing DVDs
  6. LEGAL streaming services actually have quite a limited number of titles available. New releases are often delayed compared to the physical media releases. Combine this with the above points, and you're left with quite a number of people who will be purchasing these films on DVD.
  7. In my experience, finding older, and more obscure/world cinema, is often hard, or impossible on Blu-ray or through streaming services, meaning that its easier, or in some cases, only available on DVD.
  8. Purchasing a Blu-ray player, now, seems a little pointless if you don't already own one, since streaming will only improve and increase in popularity in the coming years. But...
  9. Many people still like owning a physical disk. 
  10.  I have seen on multiple occasions where a friend will put in a Blu-Ray disc only to be told that the Blu-ray player needs a firmware upgrade to play the movie.

Friday, December 23, 2016

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4. The Mothman is 100% Real. It is just one species of Extraterrestrials of many species of Extraterrestrials. See Video Part 1, and Video Part 2. You will find out it has red eyes and can semi-hypnotize people. And it loves to feed on blood. And it's cruel treatment of Humans reminds us of this intelligence data... QUOTE: "The first way was chosen by a group of races motivated by keeping mankind in slavery, thereby controlling Earth resources, the gene pool, and human emotional energy."
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6. Quote: ... One such witness, an Army Ranger involved with special ops stated to me "You have no idea how many people including prominent military and political figures we have abducted and terrified so that they will learn to hate the ET presence and support conflict with them" ... Quote Found Here.
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13. A Quote we found on the internet... "They [the control group] will wait until sufficient public knowledge is out there, says Maynard. The Disclosure Project will build a momentum that will snowball, leading to a critical mass of inevitability. Final disclosure, though, comes with three prerequisites: One, that the panic of the population will be minimized; Two, that control, both physical and intellectual, is maintained by the existing power structure; and Three, that there will be no retribution towards those that have kept the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence a secret."
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QUOTE: "Until recently, mankind lived a satisfying control of its decisions. But it is losing more and more the control of its own fate because of the growing use of advanced technologies, which lethal consequences on the earthly and human ecosystems become irreversible. You are slowly but surely losing your extraordinary capacity to make life desirable. Your resilience will artificially decrease, independently of your own will. Such technologies exist that affect your body as well as your mind. Such plans are on their way."
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Dwight D. Eisenhower had 3 secret meetings

Former American President Dwight D. Eisenhower had three secret meetings with aliens, a former US government consultant has claimed.

The 34th President of the United States met the extra terrestrials at a remote air base in New Mexico in 1954, according to lecturer and author Timothy Good.

Eisenhower and other FBI officials are said to have organized the showdown with the space creatures by sending out 'telepathic messages'.
Bizarre: Former American President Dwight D. Eisenhower had three secret meetings with aliens, a former US government consultant has claimed

Bizarre: Former American President Dwight D. Eisenhower had three secret meetings with aliens, a former US government consultant has claimed

The two parties finally met up on three separate occasions at the Holloman Air Force base and there were 'many witnesses'.

Conspiracy theorists have circulated increased rumours in recent months that the meeting between the Commander-in-Chief and people from another planet took place.

But the claims from Mr Good, a former U.S. Congress and Pentagon consultant, are the first to be made publicly by a prominent academic.

Speaking on Frank Skinner's BBC2 current affairs show Opinionated, he said that governments around the world have been in regular contact with aliens for many decades.
Odd meeting: It has been claimed that Dwight D. Eisenhower met the extra-terrestrials at the Holloman Air Force base in New Mexico

Odd meeting: It has been claimed that Dwight D. Eisenhower met the extra-terrestrials at the Holloman Air Force base in New Mexico

'Aliens have made both formal and informal contact with thousands of people throughout the world from all walks of life,' he added.

Asked why the aliens don't go to somebody 'important' like Barack Obama, he said: 'Well, certainly I can tell you that in 1954, President Eisenhower had three encounters, set up meetings with aliens, which took place at certain Air Force bases including Holloman Air Force base in New Mexico.'

He added that there were 'many witnesses'.

Eisenhower, who was president from 1953 to 1961, is known to have had a strong belief in life on other planets.
Extra-terrestrial: Eisenhower, who was president from 1953 to 1961, is known to have had a strong belief in life on other planets

Extra-terrestrial: Eisenhower, who was president from 1953 to 1961, is known to have had a strong belief in life on other planets

The former five-star general in the United States Army who commanded the Allied Forces in Europe during the Second World War, was also keen on pushing the U.S. space programme.

His meeting with the cosmic life forms is said to have taken place while officials were told that he was on vacation in Palm Springs, California, in February 1954.

The initial meeting is supposed to have taken place with aliens who were 'Nordic' in appearance, but the agreement was eventually 'signed' with a race called 'Alien Greys'.

Mr Good added: 'We know that up to 90 per cent of all UFO reports can be explained in conventional terms. However, I would say millions of people worldwide have actually seen the real thing.'

According to classified documents released by the Ministry of Defense in 2010, Winston Churchill may have ordered a UFO sighting to be kept secret.

The UFO was seen over the East Coast of England by an RAF reconnaissance plane returning from a mission in France or Germany towards the end of the war.

Churchill is said to have discussed how to deal with UFO sightings with Eisenhower.

Thursday, December 22, 2016

President Dwight Eisenhower's secret treaty in February 1954

President Dwight Eisenhower held a secret meeting with extraterrestrial visitors during the early hours of February 21, 1954, while on a “vacation” to Palm Springs in California, according to UFO and alien conspiracy theorists.

He went “missing” after he was whisked away secretly to Edwards Air Force Base and was not seen until he appeared at a church service in Los Angeles the next Sunday morning.

The official explanation of his mysterious “disappearance” was that he had to undergo an emergency dental surgery.

The abrupt disappearance of the president was so unusual that it fueled speculation about an illness or death in the media. The speculation became so intense that the rumors had to be dispelled by the president’s press secretary, James Haggerty, who told incredulous reporters at a press conference that Eisenhower had damaged a tooth cap while eating fried chicken and had to undergo emergency surgery.

A local dentist was later presented to reporters who claimed he had treated Eisenhower.

But strange rumors began spreading following information leaked by well-placed sources. The rumors alleged that the local dentist was used to provide Eisenhower with a cover story while he rendezvoused secretly with the extraterrestrial visitors at the Edwards Air Force Base.

Significantly, there are no records at the Eisenhower Library — which reportedly has extensive records related to Eisenhower’s health — that he ever underwent dental surgery in February 1954, according to UFO researcher William Moore.

Eisenhower thus became the first American president to have direct contact with extraterrestrials, according to conspiracy theorists. The meeting took place at Edwards Air Force Base in southern California during the early hours of February 21 in 1954. It was the first in a series of meetings that culminated in the signing of a treaty between the U.S. government and an extraterrestrial race called the Greys.

The First Contact meeting, as it is termed in UFO conspiracy theory circles, involved some intrigue. Eisenhower’s secret First Contact meeting on February 21, 1954, is believed to have been with the Nordic aliens, also known as Pleiadian aliens, an advanced extraterrestrial race from the Pleiades star cluster with distinctive Nordic appearance, such as fair hair, blue eyes, and white skin.


The two sides were unable to reach an agreement on the night of the First Contact, and the Greys took advantage of the failure by offering more favorable terms. The offer by the Greys allegedly led to the first treaty between humans and an extraterrestrial race.

According to UFO conspiracy theorists, several pieces of circumstantial evidence add up to support claims that the Eisenhower administration held “First Contact” meetings with extraterrestrial beings. The first circumstantial evidence was the awkward manner in which Eisenhower “disappeared” during the night of February 20-21 in the midst of an unscheduled winter vacation in Palm Springs, California, and the clumsy efforts by officials to explain his disappearance.

One of the first eyewitness testimonies came from Gerald Light, a writer and leading member of the community dedicated to metaphysical research. A letter circulated widely in the UFO and alien conspiracy community, dated April 16, 1954, is alleged to have been written by Gerald Light to Meade Layne, Director of Borderland Sciences Research Foundation. In the letter (see copy here), Light allegedly claimed to have been one of a group of community leaders who was present at the First Contact meeting with extraterrestrials at Edwards Air Force Base.

The group of “community leaders” included Edwin Nourse, President’s Truman’s chief economic adviser, Cardinal James Francis MacIntyre, head of the Catholic Church in Los Angeles at the time, and 80-year-old Franklin Winthrop Allen, a former reporter with Hearst Newspaper Group.

Light claimed in the letter he allegedly wrote to Layne that he recently returned from Muroc Airfield (now Edward Air Force Base). The letter contains a single reference to “Etherians” (presumed to be the aliens), and it includes a comment about “five separate and distinct types of aircraft being studied and handled by our Air Force officials — with the assistance and permission of the Etherians!”


The aircraft are believed to be alien UFOs stored at the facility for reverse-engineering studies.

The letter gives a vivid description of the bewilderment, confusion, and panic among the officials present at the meeting. UFO conspiracy theorists claim that Light’s account reveals uncertainty about how to respond to the aliens and fears due to the Cold War that the aliens could turn to the Soviets if the Americans spurned them.

But it is claimed that Eisenhower finally decided to reject the proposals of the Nordic aliens he met at the First Contact meeting at the Edwards Air Force Base in February 1954, and his administration eventually signed a treaty with the Greys, who offered to transfer their technology exclusively to the United States.

Several whistle-blowers claimed to have seen documents signed at the meetings while others claimed they obtained information from inside sources. The different versions of what allegedly transpired at the First Contact meetings leaked by the whistle-blowers agree on certain major points but differ in specific details.

One of the best-known whistle-blowers, William Cooper, a former Naval intelligence officer who allegedly had access to classified documents, claimed that the First Contact meeting at the Edward Air Force Base in February 1954 was the culmination of a series of events after astronomers discovered a fleet of huge UFOs approaching Earth in 1953. First mistaken for asteroids, they were later determined to be spaceships.

Alien radio signals were allegedly intercepted under Project Sigma just before the UFOs went into high orbit. Project Plato was launched to receive the aliens and hold talks.

But before the aliens approaching in a huge UFO fleet landed, a different alien race contacted the U.S government and warned against the first group of aliens. But talks with the first group failed after they demanded nuclear disarmament and warned that humanity was on a path to self-destruction. They proposed instead to help humans to develop along a peaceful path to spiritual fulfillment.

Because the primary interest of the U.S. government at the time was signing a treaty that gives access to advanced alien technology, the Eisenhower administration rejected the overtures from the first alien group — the Nordic aliens — during the First Contact meeting at the Edwards Air Base and agreed to sign a treaty with the second group — the Greys — during a subsequent meeting at the Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico in 1954.

Elements of the sketchy account given by Cooper were allegedly confirmed independently by other whistle-blowers, including Charles Suggs, a former retired U.S. Marine Corps Sergeant, who claimed that his father, a senior naval officer, had attended the First Contact meeting with the Nordic aliens in February 1954.

John Lear, another independent whistle-blower, was a former air force pilot and the son of William Lear, who built the Lear Jet. Lear also confirmed that two alien races had been involved in the First Contact meetings.


Robert Dean, a former intelligence officer, described Nordic aliens as humanoids with Nordic features, and the Greys as tall humanoids up to 9 feet tall with pale white skin, large eyes, large head, and spindly limbs.

Greys allegedly originated from a star in the constellation of Orion. Other reports claimed they came from a planet in the star system Zeta Reticuli.

Details of the agreement with the Greys leaked by whistle-blowers include non-interference in human affairs in exchange for accommodation on Earth under conditions of secrecy. In return, they would furnish the U.S. government with advanced technology to help the country to stay ahead of enemy nations. The Greys also agreed they would not approach any other nation to make a treaty.

The Greys were housed in an underground facility in Dulce where Phil Schneider claimed he encountered them while working as a geological engineer employed by a private company contracted to build underground bases for the Greys.

Schneider revealed that part of the treaty agreement allowed the Greys to abduct a very limited number of humans for medical research and experiments. But the Greys proved untrustworthy and violated the agreement on abductions.

Most reports of UFO sightings and stories of abductions involved Greys freely violating the treaty with the government, according to UFO conspiracy theorists.

Wednesday, December 21, 2016

ZETA 2 RETICULI (Grey's home)

The Betty Hill Star Map
NOTE:  
The names of the stars were not on the map that Betty Hill remembered.  In addition, if names were provided, they would have been names given by the alien race, not names used on Earth.  Therefore, unless the aliens had pointed out where our Sun was on the map, even the most trained astronomer would have had no idea which stars were which on the map. 
As you will see later, it took Ms. Marjorie Fish much time and effort to finally come up with a possible star map based upon the assumption that the origin of the map would be the aliens’ home star (solar) system.  That certainly is a reasonable assumption.  If we were the astronauts visiting another solar system and we had a three-dimensional star map aboard our starship, our own Sun would be the origin of our star map.

Betty and Barney are returned unharmed to their car.  They are told they will forget the abduction portion of the incident.  The ship rises, and then hurtles out of sight.  The couple continue their journey home oblivious of the abduction.

But the Hills are troubled by unexplained dreams and anxiety about two hours of their trip that they can’t account for.  Betty, a social worker, asks advice from a psychiatrist friend.  He suggests that the memory of that time will be gradually restored over the next few months -- but it never is.  Two years after the incident, the couple are still bothered by the missing two hours, and Barney’s ulcers are acting up.  A Boston psychiatrist, Benjamin Simon, is recommended, and after several months of weekly hypnosis sessions the bizarre events of that night in 1961 are revealed.  A short time later a UFO group leaks a distorted version of the story to the press and the whole thing blows up.  The Hills reluctantly disclose the entire story.
Can we take this dramatic scenario seriously?  Did this incredible contact with aliens actually occur or is it some kind of hallucination that affected both Barney and Betty Hill?  The complete account of the psychiatric examination from which the details of the event emerged is related in John G. Fuller’s “The Interrupted Journey” (Dial Press, 1966), where we read that after the extensive psychiatric examination, Simon concluded that the Hills were not fabricating the story.  The most likely possibilities seem to be: 
(a) the experience actually happened, or
(b) some perceptive and illusory misinterpretations occurred in relationship to some real event
There are other cases of alleged abductions by extraterrestrial humanoids.  The unique aspect of the Hills’ abduction is that they remembered virtually nothing of the incident.
Intrigued by the Hills’ experience, J. Allen Hynek, chairman of the department of astronomy at Northwestern University, decided to investigate.  Hynek described how the Hills recalled the details of their encounter in his book, “The UFO Experience” (Henry Regnery Company, 1972):
“Under repeated hypnosis they independently revealed what had supposedly happened.  The two stories agreed in considerable detail, although neither Betty nor Barney was privy to what the other had said under hypnosis until much later.  Under hypnosis they stated that they had been taken separately aboard the craft, treated well by the occupants -- rather as humans might treat experimental animals -- and then released after having been given the hypnotic suggestion that they would remember nothing of that particular experience.  The method of their release supposedly accounted for the amnesia, which was apparently broken only by counterhypnosis.”
A number of scientists, including Hynek, have discussed this incident at length with Barney and Betty Hill and have questioned them under hypnosis.  They concur with Simon’s belief that there seems to be no evidence of outright fabrication or lying.  One would also wonder what Betty, who has a master’s degree in social work and is a supervisor in the New Hampshire Welfare Department, and Barney, who was on the governor of New Hampshire’s Civil Rights Commission, would have to gain by a hoax?  Although the Hills didn’t, several people have lost their jobs after being associated with similarly unusual publicity.
Stanton T. Friedman, a nuclear physicist and the nation’s only space scientist devoting full time to researching the UFO phenomenon, has spent many hours in conversation with the Hills. 
“By no stretch of the imagination could anyone who knows them conclude that they were nuts,” he emphasizes.
Hill, Fish, and Computer Star MapsSo the experience remains a fascinating story despite the absence of proof that it actually happened.  Anyway -- that’s where things were in 1966 when Ms. Marjorie Fish, an Ohio schoolteacher, amateur astronomer and member of Mensa, became involved.  She wondered if the objects shown on the map that Betty Hill allegedly observed inside the vehicle might represent some actual pattern of celestial objects.  To get more information about the map she decided to visit Betty Hill in the summer of 1969 (Barney Hill died in early 1969).  Here is Ms. Fish’s account of that meeting:
“On Aug.4, 1969, Betty Hill discussed the star map with me.  Betty explained that she drew the map in 1964 under post-hypnotic suggestion.  It was to be drawn only if she could remember it accurately, and she was not to pay attention to what she was drawing -- which puts it in the realm of automatic drawing.  This is a way of getting at repressed or forgotten material and can result in unusual accuracy.  She made two erasures showing her conscious mind took control part of the time.

Betty described the map as three-dimensional, like looking through a window.  The stars were tinted and glowed.  The map material was flat and thin (not a model), and there were no noticeable lenticular lines like one of our three-dimensional processes (it sounds very much like a reflective hologram).  Betty did not shift her position while viewing it, so we cannot tell if it would give the same three-dimensional view from all positions or if it would be completely three-dimensional.  Betty estimated the map was approximately three feet wide and two feet high with the pattern covering most of the map.  She was standing about three feet away from it. 

She said there were many other stars on the map but she only (apparently) was able to specifically recall the prominent ones connected by lines and a small distinctive triangle off to the left.  There was no concentration of stars to indicate the Milky Way (galactic plane) suggesting that if it represented reality, it probably only contained local stars.  There were no grid lines.”
So much for the background material on the Hill incident (if you want more details on the encounter, see Fuller’s book).  For the moment we will leave Marjorie Fish back in 1969 trying to interpret Betty Hill’s reproduction of the map.  There is a second major area of background information that we have to attend to before we can properly discuss the map.  Unlike the bizarre events just described, the rest is pure astronomy.
According to the most recent star catalogs, there are about 1,000 known stars within a radius of 55 light-years of the Sun.  What are those other stars like?  A check of the catalogs shows that most of them are faint stars of relatively low temperature -- a class of stars astronomers call main sequence stars.  The Sun is a main sequence star along with most of the other stars in this part of the Milky Way galaxy, as the following table shows:
Main Sequence Stars
White Dwarfs
Giants and Supergiants
91%
 8%
 1%

Typical giant stars are Arcturus and CapellaAntares and Betelgeuse are members of the ultra-rare supergiant class.  At the other end of the size and brightness scale the white dwarfs are stellar cinders -- the remains of once brilliant suns -- a perfect example is Sirius B, the white dwarf companion to the brilliant Sirius A seen in the constellation Canis Major.  For reasons that will soon become clear we can remove these classes of stars from our discussion and concentrate on the main sequence stars whose characteristics are shown in the table.
Characteristics of Main Sequence Stars
Star Spectral Class
Proportion of Stars
Surface Temperature
(°F)
Star Mass
(Sun = 1.0)
Star Luminosity
(Sun = 1.0)
Lifespan
(Billions of Years)
Example Star
A0
1%  A0 - A9
20,000
2.8
60
0.5
Vega
A1
---
18,400
2.35
22
1.0
Sirius
A5
---
15,000
2.2
20
1.0
---
F0
3%  F0 - F9
13,000
1.7
6
2.0
---
F5
---
12,000
1.25
3
4.0
Procyon A
G0
9%  G0 - G9
11,000
1.06
1.3
10
---
G2
---
10,600
1.00
1.0
12
Sun
Alpha Centauri A
G5
---
10,000
0.92
0.8
15
---
K0
14%  K0 - K9
9,000
0.80
0.4
20
Alpha Centauri B
K2
---
8,700
0.76
0.3
24
Epsilon Eridani
K5
---
8,000
0.69
0.1
30
61 Cygni A
M0
73%  M0 - M9
7,000
0.48
0.02
75
---
M5
---
5,000
0.20
0.001
200
Proxima Centauri
(Alpha Centauri C)

The spectral class letters are part of a system of stellar “fingerprinting” that identifies the main sequence star’s temperature and gives clues to its mass and luminosity.  The hottest, brightest and most massive main sequence stars (with rare exceptions -- the Type O and Type B classes -- which are even hotter, brighter, and more massive) are the A stars.  The faintest, coolest and least massive are the M stars.

Each class is subdivided into 10 subcategories.  For example, an A0 star is hotter, brighter and more massive than an A1, which is above an A2, and so on through A9.
This table supplies much additional information and shows how a slightly hotter and more massive star turns out to be much more luminous than the Sun, a G2 star.  But the bright stars pay dearly for their splendor.  It takes a lot of stellar fuel to emit vast quantities of light and heat.  The penalty is a short lifespan as a main sequence star.  Conversely, the inconspicuous, cool M stars may be around to see the end of the universe -- whatever that might be.  With all these facts at hand we’re now ready to tackle the first part of the detective story.
Let’s suppose we wanted to make our own map of a trip to the stars.  We will limit ourselves to the 55 light-year radius covered by the detailed star catalogs.  The purpose of the trip will be to search for intelligent life on planets that may be in orbit around these stars.  We would want to include every star that would seem likely to have a life-bearing planet orbiting around it.  How many of these thousand-odd stars would we include for such a voyage and which direction would we go (for the moment, we’ll forget about the problem of making a spacecraft that will take us to these stars and we’ll assume that we’ve got some kind of vehicle that will effortlessly transport us to wherever we want to go)?  We don’t want to waste our time and efforts -- we only want to go to stars that we would think would have a high probability of having planets harboring advanced life forms.  This seems like a tall order.  How do we even begin to determine which stars might likely have such planets?
The first rule will be to restrict ourselves to life as we know it, the kind of life that we are familiar with here on Earth -- carbon based life.  Science fiction writers are fond of describing life forms based on chemical systems that we have been unable to duplicate here on Earth -- such as silicon based life or life based on the ammonium hydroxide molecule instead of on carbon.  But right now these life forms are simply fantasy -- we have no evidence that they are in fact possible.  Because we don’t even know what they might look like -- if they’re out there -- we necessarily have to limit our search to the kind of life that we understand.
Our kind of life -- life as we know it -- seems most likely to evolve on a planet that has a stable temperature regime.  It must be at the appropriate distance from its sun so that water is neither frozen nor boiled away.  The planet has to be the appropriate size so that its gravity doesn’t hold on to too much atmosphere (like Jupiter) or too little (like Mars).  But the main ingredient in a life-bearing planet is its star.  And its star is the only thing we can study since planets of other stars are far too faint to detect directly.  The conclusion we can draw is this:  The star has to be like the Sun.
COMMENT:  
An Earthlike planet in the ecosphere of a star similar to our Sun would be hidden in the glare of the star because of its angular separation from the star as viewed from Earth.  If an Earthlike planet was orbiting Alpha Centauri A (4.3 light-years from us) at a distance of 1 Astronomical Unit (Earth-Sun distance), the angular separation between the planet and Alpha Centauri A would be 0.0133 seconds of arc.


Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
Location of Solar Type Stars

Main sequence stars are basically stable for long periods of time.  As shown in the table, stars in spectral class G have stable lifespans of 10 billion years (Our Sun, actually a G2V star, has a somewhat longer stable life expectancy of 11 billion years).  We are about five billion years into that period so we can look forward to the Sun remaining much as it is (actually it will brighten slightly) for another six billion years.  Stars of class F4 or higher have stable burning periods of less than 3.5 billion years.  They have to be ruled out immediately.  Such stars cannot have life-bearing planets because, at least based on our experience on our world, this is not enough time to permit highly developed biological systems to evolve on the land areas of a planet (Intelligent life may very well arise earlier in water environments, but let’s forget that possibility since we have not yet had meaningful communication with the dolphins -- highly intelligent creatures on this planet!).  But we may be wrong in our estimate of life development time.  There is another more compelling reason for eliminating stars of class F4 and brighter.

So far, we have assumed all stars have planets, just as our Sun does.  Yet spectroscopic studies of stars of class F4 and brighter reveal that most of them are in fact unlike our Sun in a vital way -- they are rapidly rotating stars.  The Sun rotates once in just under a month, but 60 percent of the stars in the F0 to F4 range rotate much faster.  And almost all A stars are rapid rotators too.  It seems, from recent studies of stellar evolution that slowly rotating stars like the Sun rotate slowly because they have planets.  Apparently the formation of a planetary system robs the star of much of its rotational momentum (because angular momentum of the whole solar system that formed from interstellar gas and debris must be conserved ... an analogy is an ice skater that has arms extended as he/she spins, then he/she brings in arms close to the body in order to spin much faster.  For a star with planets, the angular momentum is taken up by the star and its planets. For a star without planets, the angular momentum must be with the star, alone, resulting in much faster star rotation).
For two reasons, then, we eliminate stars of class F4 and above:
  1. Most of them rotate rapidly and thus seem to be planetless, and
  2. Their stable lifespans are too brief for advanced life to develop.
Another problem environment for higher forms of life is the multiple star system.  About half of all stars are born in pairs, or small groups of three or more.  Our Sun could have been part of a double star system.  If Jupiter was 80 times more massive it would be an M6 red dwarf star.  If the stars of a double system are far enough apart there is no real problem for planets sustaining life (see “Planet of the Double Sun,” September 1974).  But stars in fairly close or highly elliptical orbits would alternately fry or freeze their planets.  Such planets would also likely have unstable orbits.  Because this is a potentially troublesome area for our objective, we will eliminate all close and moderately close pairs of systems of multiple stars.
Further elimination is necessary according to the catalogs.  Some otherwise perfect stars are labeled “variable.”  This means astronomers have observed variations of at least a few percent in the star’s light output.  A one percent fluctuation in the Sun would be annoying for us here on Earth.  Anything greater would cause climatic disaster.  Could intelligent life evolve under such conditions, given an otherwise habitable planet?  It seems unlikely.  We are forced to “scratch” all stars suspected or proven to be variable.
This still leaves a few F stars, quite a few G stars, and hoards of K and M dwarfs.  Unfortunately most of the Ks and all of the Ms are out.  Let’s find out why.
These stars quite likely have planets.  Indeed, one M star -- known as Barnard’s star -- is believed to almost certainly have at least one, and probably two or three, Jupiter sized planets.  Peter Van de Kamp of the Sproul Observatory at Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, has watched Barnard’s star for over three decades and is convinced that a “wobbling” motion of that star is due to perturbations (gravitational “pulling and pushing”) caused by its unseen planets (Earth sized planets cannot be detected in this manner).
But the planets of M stars and the K stars below K4 have two serious handicaps that virtually eliminate them from being abodes for life.  First, these stars fry their planets with occasional lethal bursts of radiation emitted from erupting solar flares.  The flares have the same intensity as those of our Sun, but when you put that type of flare on a little star it spells disaster for a planet that is within, say, 30 million miles.  The problem is that planets have to be that close to get enough heat from these feeble suns.  If they are farther out, they have frozen oceans and no life.
The close-in orbits of potential Earthlike planets of M and faint K stars produce the second dilemma -- rotational lock.  An example of rotational lock is right next door to us.  The moon, because of its nearness to Earth, is strongly affected by our planet’s tidal forces.  Long ago our satellite stopped rotating and now has one side permanently turned toward Earth.  The same principles apply to planets of small stars that would otherwise be at the right distance for moderate temperatures.  If rotational lock has not yet set in, at least rotational retardation would make impossibly long days and nights (as evidenced by Mercury in our solar system).
What stars are left after all this pruning?  All of the G stars remain along with F5 through F9 and K0 through K4Stephen Dole of the Rand Corporation has made a detailed study of stars in this range and suggests we should also eliminate F5, F6 and F7 stars because they balloon to red giants before they reach an age of five billion years.  Dole feels this is cutting it too fine for intelligent species to fully evolve.  Admittedly this is based on our one example of intelligent life -- us.  But limited though this parameter is, it is the only one we have.  Dole believes the K2, K3 and K4 stars are also poor prospects because of their feeble energy output and consequently limited zone for suitable Earthlike planets.
Accepting Dole’s further trimming we are left with single, nonvariable stars from F8 through all the G-type stars to K1.  What does that leave us with?  Forty-six stars.
Now we are ready to plan the trip.  It’s pretty obvious that Tau Ceti is our first target.  After that, the choice is more difficult.  We can’t take each star in order or we would be darting all over the sky.  It’s something like planning a vacation trip.  Let’s say we start from St. Louis and want to hit all the major cities within a 1,000 mile radius.  If we go west, all we can visit is Kansas City and Denver.  But northeast is a bonanza:  Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York and more.  The same principle applies to the planning of our interstellar exploration.  The plot of all 46 candidate stars reveals a clumping in the direction of the constellations Cetus and Eridanus.  Although this section amounts to only 13 percent of the entire sky, it contains 15 of the 46 stars, or 33 percent of the total.  Luckily Tau Ceti is in this group, so that’s the direction we should go (comparable to heading northeast from St. Louis).  If we plan to visit some of these solar type stars and then return to Earth, we should try to have the shortest distance between stops.  It would be a waste of exploration time if we zipped randomly from one star to another.
Now we are ready to return to the map drawn by Betty HillMarjorie Fish reasoned that if the stars in the Hill map corresponded to a patter of real stars -- perhaps something like we just developed, only from an alien’s viewpoint -- it might be possible to pinpoint the origin of the alleged space travelers.  Assuming the two stars in the foreground of the Hill map were the “base” stars (the Sun, a single star, was ruled out here), she decided to try to locate the entire pattern.  She theorized that the Hill map contained only local stars since no concentration would be present if a more distant viewpoint was assumed and if both “us” and the alien visitors’ home base were to be represented.
Let’s assume, just as an astronomical exercise, that the map does show the Sun and the star that is “the sun” to the humanoids.  We’ll take the Hill encounter at face value, and see where it leads.
Since the aliens were described as “humanoid” and seemed reasonably comfortable on this planet, their home planet should be basically like ours.  Their atmosphere must be similar because the Hills breathed without trouble while inside the ship, and the aliens did not appear to wear any protective apparatus.  And since we assume their biology is similar to ours, their planet should have the same temperature regime as Earth (Betty and Barney did say it was uncomfortably cold in the ship).  In essence, then, we assume their home planet must be very Earthlike.  Based on what we discussed earlier it follows that their sun would be on our list if it were within 55 light-years from us.
The lines on the map, according to Betty Hill, were described by the alien as “trade routes” or “places visited occasionally” with the dotted lines as “expeditions.”  Any interpretation of the Betty Hill map must retain the logic of these routes (i.e. the lines would link stars that would be worth visiting).
Keeping all this in mind, Marjorie Fish constructed several three-dimensional models of the solar neighborhood in hopes of detecting the pattern in the Hill map.  Using beads dangling on threads, she painstakingly recreated our stellar environment.  Between August 1968 and February 1973, she strung beads, checked data, searched and checked again.  A suspicious alignment, detected in late 1968, turned out to be almost a perfect match once new data from the detailed 1969 edition of the Catalog of Nearby Stars became available (this catalog is often called the “Gliese catalog” -- pronounced “glee-see” -- after its principal author, Wilhelm Gliese).
The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 54 light-years that are single or part of a wide multiple star system.  They have no known irregularities or variabilities and are between 0.4 and 2.0 times the luminosity of the Sun.  Thus, a planet basically identical to Earth could be orbiting around any one of them (Data from the Catalog of Nearby Stars, 1969 edition, by Wilhelm Gliese).

The 46 Nearest Stars Similar to the Sun
Name of Star
     Distance    
(Light-Years)
Apparent
Magnitude
Luminosity
Sun = 1.0
Spectral
Class
Tau Ceti
11.8
3.5
0.4
G8
82 Eridani
20.2
4.3
0.9
G2
Zeta Tucanae
23.3
4.2
0.9
G2
107 Piscium
24.3
5.2
0.4
K1
Beta Coma Berenices
27.2
4.3
1.2
G0
61 Virginis
27.4
4.7
0.8
G6
Alpha Mensae
28.3
5.1
0.6
G5
Gliese 75
28.6
5.6
0.4
K0
Beta Canum Venaticorum
29.9
4.3
1.4
G0
Chi Orionis
32
4.4
1.5
G0
54 Piscium
34
5.9
0.4
K0
Zeta 1 Reticuli
37
5.5
0.7
G2
Zeta 2 Reticuli
37
5.2
0.9
G2
Gliese 86
37
6.1
0.4
K0
Mu Arae
37
5.1
0.9
G5
Gliese 67
38
5.0
1.2
G2
Gliese 668.1
40
6.3
0.4
G9
Gliese 302
41
6.0
0.6
G8
Gliese 309
41
6.4
0.4
G9
Kappa Fornacis
42
5.2
1.3
G1
58 Eridani
42
5.5
0.9
G1
Zeta Doradus
44
4.7
2.0
F8
55 Cancri
44
6.0
0.7
G8
47 Ursae Majoris
44
5.1
1.5
G0
Gliese 364
45
4.9
1.8
G0
Gliese 599A
45
6.0
0.6
G6
Nu Phoenicis
45
5.0
1.8
F8
Gliese 95
45
6.3
0.5
G5
Gliese 796
47
5.6
0.5
G8
20 Leo Minoris
47
5.4
1.2
G4
39 Tauri
47
5.9
0.8
G1
Gliese 290
47
6.6
0.4
G8
Gliese 59.2
48
5.7
1.0
G2
Psi Aurigae
49
5.2
1.5
G0
Gliese 722
49
5.9
0.9
G4
Gliese 788
49
5.9
0.8
G5
Nu 2 Lupi
50
5.6
1.1
G2
14 Herculis
50
6.6
0.5
K1
Pi Ursae Majoris
51
5.6
1.2
G0
Phi 2 Ceti
51
5.2
1.8
F8
Gliese 641
52
6.6
0.5
G8
Gliese 97.2
52
6.9
0.4
K0
Gliese 541.1
53
6.5
0.6
G8
109 Piscium
53
6.3
0.8
G4
Gliese 651
53
6.8
0.4
G8
Gliese 59
53
6.7
0.4
G8

The 16 stars in the stellar configuration discovered by Marjorie Fish are compared with the map drawn by Betty Hill in the diagram on page 6.  If some of the star names on the Fish map sound familiar, they should.  Ten of the 16 stars are from the compact group that we selected earlier based on the most logical direction to pursue to conduct interstellar exploration from Earth.  Continuing to take the Hill map at face value, the radiating pattern of “trade routes” implies that Zeta 1 Reticuli and Zeta 2 Reticuli are the “hub” of exploration or, in the context of the incident, the aliens’ home base.  The Sun is at the end of one of the supposedly regular trade routes.

COMMENT:  
Trade route?  What kind of trade was going on between the Zeta Reticulans and Earthlings?  That raised questions in my mind at the time I read the article back in 1975.  At that time, I was completely unaware of any strange or suspicious activity going on at Nellis Air Force Base Area 51 or S4.  I suspect that such a statement would raise questions in your mind as you read the text.  Remember! 
The evaluation to determine the stars on the map was performed by Ms. Marjorie Fish in 1969 and was presented by Terence Dickinson in the December 1974 issue of ASTRONOMY Magazine.  Other documents and the release of Top Secret information much later, that is, in the late 1980s, will reveal that a certain elite sect of the United States Government was dealing with the “Greys” or Zeta Reticulans and knew that they were from the fourth planet orbiting Zeta 2 Reticuli. 
These dealings with the Zeta Reticulans may have been taking place since the late 1940s after the saucer crash near Roswell, New Mexico, on July 4, 1947.  Recall that the Army originally announced that a flying saucer had crashed in the desert near Roswell Army Air Field, then recanted the story, stating a military weather balloon had crashed.


The pair of stars that make up Zeta Reticuli is practically in the midst of the cluster of solar type stars that attracted us while we were mapping out a logical interstellar voyage.  Checking further we find that all but two of the stars in the Fish pattern are on the table of nearby solar type stars.  These two stars are Tau 1 Eridani (an F6 star) and Gliese 86.1 (K2), and are, respectively, just above and below the parameters we arrived at earlier.  One star that should be there (Zeta Tucanae) is missing probably because it is behind Zeta 1 Reticuli at the required viewing angle.



To summarize, then:
  1. The pattern discovered by Marjorie Fish has an uncanny resemblance to the map drawn by Betty Hill
  2. The stars are mostly the ones that we would visit if we were exploring from Zeta Reticuli
  3. The travel patterns generally make sense
Walter Mitchell, professor of astronomy at Ohio State University in Columbus, has looked at Marjorie Fish’s interpretation of the Betty Hill map in detail and tells us,
“The more I examine it, the more I am impressed by the astronomy involved in Marjorie Fish’s work”
During their examination of the map, Mitchell and some of his students inserted the positions of hundreds of nearby stars into a computer and had various space vistas brought up on a cathode ray tube readout.  They requested the computer to put them in a position out beyond Zeta Reticuli looking toward the Sun.  From this viewpoint the map pattern obtained by Marjorie Fish was duplicated with virtually no variations.  Mitchell noted an important and previously unknown fact first pointed out by Ms. Fish:  The stars in the map are almost in a plane; that is, they fill a wheel shaped volume of space that makes star hopping from one to another easy and the logical way to go -- and that is what is implied by the map that Betty Hill allegedly saw.
“I can find no major point of quibble with Marjorie Fish’s interpretation of the Betty Hill map,” says David R. Saunders, a statistics expert at the Industrial Relations Center of the University of Chicago. 
By various lines of statistical reasoning he concludes that the chances of finding a match among 16 stars of a specific spectral type among the thousand-odd stars nearest the Sun is “at least 1,000 to 1 against.”

“The odds are about 10,000 to 1 against a random configuration matching perfectly with Betty Hill’s map,” Saunders reports. 



“But the star group identified by Marjorie Fish isn’t quite a perfect match, and the odds consequently reduce to about 1,000 to 1.  That is, there is one chance in 1,000 that the observed degree of congruence would occur in the volume of space we are discussing.”


“In most fields of investigation where similar statistical methods are used, that degree of congruence is rather persuasive,” concludes Saunders.
Saunders, who has developed a monumental computerized catalog of more than 60,000 UFO sightings, tells us that the Hill case is not unique in its general characteristics -- there are other known cases of alleged communication with extraterrestrials.  But in no other case on record have maps ever been mentioned.
Mark Steggert of the Space Research Coordination Center at the University of Pittsburgh developed a computer program that he calls PAR (for Perspective Alteration Routine) that can duplicate the appearance of star fields from various viewpoints in space.
“I was intrigued by the proposal put forth by Marjorie Fish that she had interpreted a real star pattern for the alleged map of Betty Hill.  I was incredulous that models could be used to do an astronometric problem,” Steggert says. 

“To my surprise I found that the pattern that I derived from my program had a close correspondence to the data from Marjorie Fish.”

After several run-throughs, he confirmed the positions determined by Marjorie Fish.  “I was able to locate potential areas of error, but no real errors,” Steggert concludes.
Steggert zeroed in on possibly the only real bone of contention that anyone has had with Marjorie Fish’s interpretation:  The data on some of the stars may not be accurate enough for us to make definitive conclusions.  For example, he says the data from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Catalog, the Royal Astronomical Society Observatory Catalog, and the Yale Catalog of Bright Stars,
“have differences of up to two magnitudes and differences in distance amounting to 40 percent for the star Gliese 59.” 
Other stars have less variations in the data from one catalog to another, but Steggert’s point is valid.  The data on some of the stars in the map is just not good enough to make a definitive statement (the fact that measurements of most of the stars in question can only be made at the relatively poor equipped southern hemisphere observatories accounts for the less reliable data).
Using information on the same 15 stars from the Royal Observatory catalog (Annals #5), Steggert reports that the pattern does come out differently because of the different data, and Gliese 59 shows the largest variation.  The Gliese catalog uses photometric, trigonometric and spectroscopic parallaxes and derives a mean from all three after giving various mathematical weights to each value. 
“The substantial variation in catalog material is something that must be overcome,” says Steggert.  “This must be the next step in attempting to evaluate the map.”
This point of view is shared by Jeffrey L. Kretsch, an undergraduate student who is working under the advisement of J. Allen Hynek at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill.  Like Steggert, he too checked Marjorie Fish’s pattern and found no error in the work.  But Kretsch reports that when he reconstructed the pattern using trigonometric distance measurements instead of the composite measures in the Gliese catalog, he found enough variations to move Gliese 95 above the line between Gliese 86 and Tau 1 Eridani.
“The data for some of the stars seems to be very reliable, but a few of the pattern stars are not well observed and data on them is somewhat conflicting,” says Kretsch
The fact that the pattern is less of a “good fit” using data from other sources leads Kretsch and others to wonder what new observations would do.  Would they give a closer fit?  Or would the pattern become distorted?  Marjorie Fish was aware of the catalog variations, but has assumed the Gliese catalog is the most reliable source material to utilize.
Is the Gliese catalog the best available data source.  According to several astronomers who specialize in stellar positions, it probably is.  Peter Van de Kamp says, “It’s first rate.  There is none better.”  He says the catalog was compiled with extensive research and care over many years.
A lot of the published trigonometric parallaxes on the stars beyond 30 light-years are not as accurate as they could be, according to Kyle Cudworth of Yerkes Observatory. 
 “Gliese added other criteria to compensate and lessen the possible errors,” he says.
The scientific director of the U.S. Naval Observatory, K.A. Strand, is among the world’s foremost authorities on stellar distances for nearby stars.  He believes the Gliese catalog “is the most complete and comprehensive source available.”
Frank B. Salisbury of the University of Utah has also examined the Hill and Fish maps. 
“The pattern of stars discovered by Marjorie Fish fits the map drawn by Betty Hill remarkably well.  It’s a striking coincidence and forces one to take the Hill story more seriously,” he says. 
Salisbury is one of the few scientists who has spent some time on the UFO problem and has written a book and several articles on the subject.  A professor of plant physiology, his biology expertise has been turned to astronomy on several occasions while studying the possibility of biological organisms existing on Mars.
Salisbury insists that while psychological factors do play an important role in UFO phenomena, the Hill story does represent one of the most credible reports of incredible events.  The fact that the story and the map came to light under hypnosis is good evidence that it actually took place.  “But it is not unequivocal evidence,” he cautions.
Elaborating on this aspect of the incident, Mark Steggert offers this: 
“I am inclined to question the ability of Betty, under posthypnotic suggestion, to duplicate the pattern two years after she saw it.  She noted no grid lines on the pattern for reference.  Someone should (or perhaps has already) conduct a test to see how well a similar patter could be recalled after a substantial period of time.  The stress she was under at the time is another unknown factor.”

“The derivation of the base data by hypnotic techniques is perhaps not as “far out” as it may seem,” says Stanton Friedman.  “Several police departments around the country use hypnosis on rape victims in order to get descriptions of the assailants -- descriptions that would otherwise remain repressed.  The trauma of such circumstances must be comparable in some ways to the Hill incident.”
Is it at all possible we are faced with a hoax?
“Highly unlikely,” says Salisbury -- and the other investigators agree.  One significant fact against a charade is that the data from the Gliese catalog was not published until 1969, five years after the star map was drawn by Betty Hill.  Prior to 1969, the data could only have been obtained from the observatories conducting research on the specific stars in question.  It is not uncommon for astronomers not to divulge their research data -- even to their colleagues -- before it appears in print.  In general, the entire sequence of events just does not smell of falsification.  Coincidence, possibly; hoax, improbable.
Where does all this leave us?  Are there creatures inhabiting a planet of Zeta 2 Reticuli?  Did they visit Earth in 1961?  The map indicates that the Sun has been “visited occasionally.”  What does that mean?  Will further study and measurement of the stars in the map change their relative positions and thus distort the configuration beyond the limits of coincidence? 
The fact that the entire incident hinges on a map drawn under less than normal circumstances certainly keeps us from drawing a firm conclusion.  Exobiologists are united in their opinion that the chance of us having neighbors so similar to us, apparently located so close, is vanishingly small.  But then, we don’t even know for certain if there is anybody at all out there -- anywhere -- despite the Hill map and pronouncements of the most respected scientists.
The only answer is to continue the search.  Someday, perhaps soon, we will know.
Hypothetical Voyage To Nearby Solar Type Stars
Hypothetical Voyage to Nearby Solar Type Stars